|JavaScript| JavaScript: Newer Features

          -Default Params
          -Spread in Function Calls
          -Spread with Array Literals
          -Spread with Objects
          -Rest Params 

Default Params

function multiply(a, b = 1) {
 return a * b; 
}

multiply(4); 
multiply(4, 5); 

In the code, a has no default value, therefore, a will be whatever you pass in as the first argument.
Meanwhile, b does have a default value. If you leave it off, it will default to one.

Spread in Function Calls

Spread syntax allows an iterable such as an array to be expanded in places where zero or more arguments (for function calls) or elements (for array literals) are expected, or an object expression to be expanded in places where zero or more key-value pairs (for object literals) are expected.

spread is used for function calls.
Expands an iterable array, string into a list of arguments.

const nums = [ 9, 3, 2, 8 ];
Math.max(nums); 
Math.max(...nums); 

Spread with Array Literals

Create a new array using an existing array. Spreads the elements from one array into a new array.

const nums1 = [ 1, 2, 3 ]; 
const nums2 = 4, 5, 6 ]; 

[ ...nums1, ...nums2 ]; 

[ 'a', 'b', ...nums2 ];

[ ...nums1, ...nums2, 7, 8, 9 ];

Spread with Objects

Copies properties from one object into another object literal.

const feline = { legs: 4, family: 'Felidae' };
const canine = { family: 'Caninae', furry: true }; 

const dog = { ...canine, isPet: true }; 

const lion = { ...feline, genus: 'Panthera' };

const catDog = { ...feline, ...canine }; 

We can spread properties from an object into a new object.

Rest Params

The arguments object is available inside every function.
Its an array-like object that has a length property but does not have array methods like push or pop.
Contains all the arguments passed to the function. Not available inside of arrow functions.

function sumAll() {
 let total = 0; 
 for (let i = 0; i < arguments.length; i++)
{ total += arguments[i];
}
return total; 

}

sumAll(8, 4, 3, 2); 
sumAll(2, 3); 

Its called an array like object because we can use the indices to access elements outs. It works exactly like an array, except we don't have to access array methods like push or pop.