Adding a "Shaking" Effect to Login Popovers for a Visual Error Cue

Sometimes, subtle design elements can make a huge difference in user experience. Instead of displaying traditional error messages, a "shaking" effect on a login popover provides a clear and immediate indication that something went wrong. This tutorial will guide you through implementing this functionality using vanilla JavaScript , CSS animations , and the open-source library Tippy.js.

Our objective is to:

1. Create a login popover with Tippy.js.
2. Add the "shaking" effect when errors occur.
3. Automatically reset the animation once the shake ends.

Let’s dive in!

---

Part 1: Setting Up the Shaking Animation with CSS

We’ll start by defining a reusable CSS animation for the shake effect. The @keyframes rule below mimics a side-to-side shake:

@keyframes shaking {
    10%, 90% { transform: translate3d(-1px, 0, 0); }
    20%, 80% { transform: translate3d(2px, 0, 0); }
    30%, 50%, 70% { transform: translate3d(-4px, 0, 0); }
    40%, 60% { transform: translate3d(4px, 0, 0); }
}
.shake {
    animation: shaking 0.82s cubic-bezier(.36,.07,.19,.97) both;
}

• Keyframe Details : The translate3d property moves the popover slightly to the left and right to create the shaking effect.
• Reusable Class : Applying the shake class to any element triggers the animation.

---

Part 2: Creating the Login Popover with Tippy.js

We’ll use Tippy.js to create a clickable login popover. The popover will include:

• An email input field.
• A "Sign In" button.
• Event listeners to handle sign-in logic and the shake effect.

Here’s the core JavaScript for setting up the popover:

Step 1: The Sign-In Class

APP.Signin = class {
    constructor($target) {
        this.values = {}; // Store any required state
        if ($target) this.$target = $target; // The DOM element triggering the popover
        this.init(); // Initialize the popover
        return this;
    }

    // Trigger the shake animation
    shake() {
        this.$tippy.classList.add('shake');
        return this;
    }

    // Handle Sign-In button clicks
    onSigninClicked(event) {
        event.preventDefault();

        // Retrieve the entered email
        let email = document.querySelector('.app-signin-email').value;

        // Error and success handlers
        let _onError = () => this.shake();
        let _onSuccess = (response) => {
            if (response.errors.length) {
                this.shake(); // Shake on error
            } else {
                // Handle successful login
                console.log('Login successful!');
            }
        };

        // Simulate a backend login request
        let form_data = new FormData();
        form_data.append('method', 'quickSignIn');
        form_data.append('email', email);

        axios({
            method: 'POST',
            url: 'path/to/server',
            data: form_data,
            headers: { 'content-type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' },
        })
            .then((response) => (typeof response.data === 'string' ? JSON.parse(response.data) : response.data))
            .then(_onSuccess)
            .catch(_onError);
    }

    // Define the HTML content of the popover
    getContent() {
        return `
            <div class="app-signin">
                <label class="form-label app-signin-form-elm app-signin-label">Account Email</label>
                <input type="text" class="app-signin-form-elm app-signin-input app-signin-email" value="" placeholder="e.g., [e-mail]">
                <a href="#" class="app-signin-form-elm app-signin-btn">Sign In</a>                                      
            </div>
        `;
    }

    // Initialize the popover
    init() {
        let $content = this.getContent();

        if (this.$target) {
            tippy(this.$target, {
                content: $content,
                allowHTML: true,
                trigger: 'click',
                hideOnClick: true,
                interactive: true,
                arrow: true,
                animation: 'scale',
                placement: 'bottom',
                theme: 'white',
                offset: [0, 15],
                onMount: () => {
                    this.$tippy = document.querySelector('.tippy-box'); // The popover box
                    this.$content = document.querySelector('.app-signin');
                    this.$signin_btn = document.querySelector('.app-signin-btn');
                    this.$email = document.querySelector('.app-signin-email');

                    // Add event listeners
                    this.$signin_btn.addEventListener('click', this.onSigninClicked.bind(this));
                    this.$email.addEventListener('keypress', (event) => {
                        if (event.key === 'Enter') {
                            event.preventDefault();
                            this.$signin_btn.click();
                        }
                    });

                    // Remove the shake class after animation ends
                    this.$tippy.addEventListener('animationend', () => {
                        this.$tippy.classList.remove('shake');
                    });

                    this.$email.focus(); // Auto-focus on the email input
                },
            });
        }
    }
};

// Initialize the Sign-In popover on page load
document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', () => {
    new APP.Signin(document.querySelector('.app-header-control-signin'));
});

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Part 3: Wiring It All Together

Simulated Backend : If you don’t have a real server, mock responses with a promise:

const mockServer = (email) =>
    new Promise((resolve, reject) => {
        setTimeout(() => {
            if (email === '[e-mail]') resolve({ errors: [] });
            else reject({ errors: ['Invalid email'] });
        }, 500);
    });

CSS for the Popover : Ensure the popover matches your design. Here’s a simple setup:

.app-signin {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 10px;
}

.app-signin-email {
    width: 100%;
    padding: 10px;
    font-size: 1rem;
    border: 1px solid #ccc;
    border-radius: 4px;
}

.app-signin-btn {
    background-color: #007bff;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 10px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    cursor: pointer;
}

.app-signin-btn:hover {
    background-color: #0056b3;
}

HTML Trigger Element : Add a trigger element to your HTML:

<button class="app-header-control-signin">Sign In</button>

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Part 4: Test the Shaking Effect

1. Click the Sign In button to open the popover.
2. Enter an invalid email and submit. Watch the popover shake, indicating an error.
3. Enter a valid email and see no shaking—success!

---

Conclusion: A User-Friendly Error Cue

The shaking effect enhances user experience by offering a clear, intuitive error indicator without cluttering the UI with extra messages. Combined with Tippy.js for a sleek popover and vanilla JS for interactivity, this setup is clean, functional, and visually appealing.

Keep experimenting and tweaking—because great UX is all about the details!

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Comments

[Devluc]

Great tutorial to improve forms UX