How on earth do you deploy AWS Lambdas?

Hey there, if you've landed here, you're probably a developer interested in deploying an AWS Lambda as quickly and simply as possible. ⚡

You’ve come to the right place! Let me share some of my thoughts on Lambda and serverless. Many tutorials out there involve a lot of manual steps and can be hard to maintain or even set up if you just want to try out AWS services as quickly as possible.

Before Everything

This example uses CloudFormation because, although it isn't the best IaC tool, it's the quickest for a one-click deployment POC. Even though Terraform isn’t ideal for this, CDK or SAM may be easy to maintain.

The resources involved are minimal: a bucket where we'll store our code as a zip file, a helper Lambda to create an empty zip as a placeholder and then clean the bucket when we delete it, and our actual Lambda with a public endpoint URL. There is no API Gateway here—too much complexity for a simple POC. Of course, there are IAM roles for each Lambda.

Content

1. Architecture Boring Stuff
2. LET’S START!
   • Step-01: 🚀 Deploy CloudFormation Stack for Code
   • Step-02: 🛠️ Create AWS IAM User for Pipeline
   • Step-03: 🔒 Add Secrets to GitHub Secrets
   • Step-04: 📦 Dependencies
   • Step-05: 🤖 Pipeline Magic
   • Cleaning Up

Architecture Boring Stuff

User Interaction

1. A user sends an HTTP request to the Lambda function URL (LambdaFunctionUrl).
2. The LambdaFunction handles the HTTP request, assuming the LambdaExecutionRole IAM role for the necessary permissions.
3. It generates a URL and interacts with an S3 bucket (codebucket), which stores the .NET code.

S3 and Helper Lambda

1. The S3 bucket (codebucket) stores the .NET code.
2. A helper Lambda function (HelperS3ObjectsFunction) manages S3 objects within this bucket, such as creating and deleting objects.
3. The helper Lambda function assumes the HelperS3ObjectsWriteRole IAM role to manage these S3 operations.

IAM Roles

• LambdaExecutionRole: Provides the necessary permissions for the primary Lambda function.
• HelperS3ObjectsWriteRole: Provides permissions for the helper Lambda function to manage S3 objects.

Pipeline User for GitHub Actions
The GitHub Actions workflow uses an IAM user (PipelineUser) to deploy updates to the Lambda function and upload the packaged code to the S3 bucket. The workflow includes steps for:

• Checking out the code
• Setting up .NET
• Installing dependencies
• Building the project
• Zipping the Lambda package
• Configuring AWS credentials
• Uploading the package to S3
• Updating the Lambda function code

Flow

• User -> Lambda Function URL -> Lambda Function -> S3 Bucket
• Helper Lambda -> S3 Bucket (for management tasks)
• Pipeline User -> GitHub Actions -> S3 Bucket and Lambda Function (for deployment)

cloudformation-template.yaml

AWSTemplateFormatVersion: '2010-09-09'
Description: Code Bucket with CodeLambda and Helper

Parameters:
  S3BucketName:
    Description: Name for the code bucket
    Type: String
    Default: blazing-lambda-code-bucket
    AllowedPattern: "^[a-z0-9-]{3,63}$"
    ConstraintDescription: "Bucket name must be between 3 and 63 characters long and contain only lowercase letters, numbers, and hyphens."
  LambdaExecutionRoleName:
    Description: "The name of the IAM role for the Lambda function"
    Type: String
    Default: "LambdaExecutionRole"

Resources:
  codebucket:
    Type: AWS::S3::Bucket
    Properties:
      BucketName: !Ref S3BucketName

  HelperS3ObjectsWriteRole:
    Type: AWS::IAM::Role
    Properties:
      Path: /
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: 2012-10-17
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      Policies:
        - PolicyName: S3Access
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: 2012-10-17
            Statement:
              - Sid: AllowLogging
                Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - "logs:CreateLogGroup"
                  - "logs:CreateLogStream"
                  - "logs:PutLogEvents"
                Resource: "*"
              - Sid: S3BucketAccess
                Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - "s3:ListBucket"
                  - "s3:GetObject"
                  - "s3:DeleteObject"
                  - "s3:DeleteObjectVersion"
                  - "s3:PutObject"
                Resource:
                  - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${S3BucketName}"
                  - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${S3BucketName}/*"

  helpers3objectshook:
    Type: "Custom::S3Objects"
    Properties:
      ServiceToken: !GetAtt HelperS3ObjectsFunction.Arn
      Bucket: !Ref S3BucketName
    DependsOn: codebucket

  HelperS3ObjectsFunction:
    Type: AWS::Lambda::Function
    Properties:
      Description: Delete objects from bucket and create my-lambda.zip
      Handler: index.handler
      Runtime: python3.9
      Role: !GetAtt HelperS3ObjectsWriteRole.Arn
      Timeout: 120
      Code:
        ZipFile: |
          import os
          import json
          import cfnresponse
          import boto3
          import logging
          from zipfile import ZipFile

          from botocore.exceptions import ClientError
          client = boto3.client('s3')
          logger = logging.getLogger()
          logger.setLevel(logging.INFO)

          def handler(event, context):
            logger.info("Received event: %s" % json.dumps(event))
            bucket = event['ResourceProperties']['Bucket']

            result = cfnresponse.SUCCESS

            try:
              if event['RequestType'] == 'Delete':
                result = delete_objects(bucket)
              elif event['RequestType'] == 'Create':
                result = create_zip_and_upload(bucket)
            except ClientError as e:
              logger.error('Error: %s', e)
              result = cfnresponse.FAILED

            cfnresponse.send(event, context, result, {})

          def delete_objects(bucket):
            paginator = client.get_paginator('list_objects_v2')
            page_iterator = paginator.paginate(Bucket=bucket)
            objects = [{'Key': x['Key']} for page in page_iterator for x in page['Contents']]
            client.delete_objects(Bucket=bucket, Delete={'Objects': objects})
            return cfnresponse.SUCCESS

          def create_zip_and_upload(bucket):
            zip_file_path='/tmp/my-lambda.zip'
            dummy_file_path='/tmp/dummy.txt'
            with open(dummy_file_path,'w') as dummy_file:
              dummy_file.write("This is a placeholder text.")
            with ZipFile(zip_file_path,'w') as zipf:
              zipf.write(dummy_file_path,arcname='dummy.txt')
            boto3.client('s3').upload_file(zip_file_path,bucket,'my-lambda.zip')

            client.upload_file(zip_file_path, bucket, 'my-lambda.zip')
            return cfnresponse.SUCCESS

  LambdaExecutionRole:
    Type: 'AWS::IAM::Role'
    Properties:
      RoleName: !Ref LambdaExecutionRoleName
      AssumeRolePolicyDocument:
        Version: '2012-10-17'
        Statement:
          - Effect: Allow
            Principal:
              Service: lambda.amazonaws.com
            Action: sts:AssumeRole
      Policies:
        - PolicyName: LambdaS3AccessPolicy
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: '2012-10-17'
            Statement:
              - Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - s3:GetObject
                  - s3:ListBucket
                Resource:
                  - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${S3BucketName}"
                  - !Sub "arn:aws:s3:::${S3BucketName}/*"
        - PolicyName: LambdaCloudWatchLogsPolicy
          PolicyDocument:
            Version: '2012-10-17'
            Statement:
              - Effect: Allow
                Action:
                  - logs:CreateLogGroup
                  - logs:CreateLogStream
                  - logs:PutLogEvents
                Resource:
                  - arn:aws:logs:*:*:*

  CodeLambdaFunction:
    Type: 'AWS::Lambda::Function'
    Properties:
      FunctionName: 'aws-lambda-code'
      Handler: 'ChauMundo::ChauMundo.LambdaEntryPoint::FunctionHandlerAsync'
      Runtime: 'dotnet8'
      Role: !GetAtt LambdaExecutionRole.Arn
      Code:
        S3Bucket: !Ref S3BucketName
        S3Key: 'my-lambda.zip'
      Environment:
        Variables:
          ASPNETCORE_ENVIRONMENT: 'Production'
    DependsOn: HelperS3ObjectsFunction

  CodeLambdaFunctionUrl:
    Type: 'AWS::Lambda::Url'
    Properties:
      AuthType: NONE
      TargetFunctionArn: !GetAtt CodeLambdaFunction.Arn

  CodeLambdaInvokePermission:
    Type: 'AWS::Lambda::Permission'
    Properties:
      FunctionName: !Ref CodeLambdaFunction
      Action: 'lambda:InvokeFunctionUrl'
      Principal: '*'
      FunctionUrlAuthType: 'NONE'

Outputs:
  LambdaFunctionUrl:
    Description: "The URL endpoint of the Lambda function"
    Value: !GetAtt CodeLambdaFunctionUrl.FunctionUrl

LET’S START!

Let's get going if you already have an AWS account and the AWS CLI installed (jq is also necessary but not mandatory).

Step-01: 🚀 Deploy CloudFormation Stack for Code

export S3_BUCKET_NAME=blazing-lambda-code-bucket
export STACK_NAME=aws-serverless-stack

aws cloudformation deploy \
    --stack-name $STACK_NAME \
    --template-file cloudformation-template.yaml \
    --parameter-overrides S3BucketName=$S3_BUCKET_NAME \
    --capabilities CAPABILITY_NAMED_IAM \
    --region us-east-1

Note: The Lambda has a predefined name for easy identification in the pipeline: aws-lambda-code. The Lambda's zip file is called my-lambda.zip—important as it serves as a placeholder for deploying our empty Lambda.

Step-02: 🛠️ Create AWS IAM User for Pipeline

In this step, we'll create a Pipeline User that GitHub Actions will use. This user will have the necessary policies attached to copy files to our bucket and update our Lambda function.

# Set user name
export USER_NAME="codepipeline"

# Create IAM user
aws iam create-user --user-name $USER_NAME

# Attach necessary policies
# ⚠️ THIS IS NOT PRODUCTION READY - USE A LEAST PRIVILEGE ROLE INSTEAD
aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name $USER_NAME --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AmazonS3FullAccess
aws iam attach-user-policy --user-name $USER_NAME --policy-arn arn:aws:iam::aws:policy/AWSLambda_FullAccess

# Create access keys for the user
ACCESS_KEYS=$(aws iam create-access-key --user-name $USER_NAME)

{
    "AccessKey": {
        "UserName": "codepipeline",
        "AccessKeyId": "AKI***NWJVT",
        "Status": "Active",
        "SecretAccessKey": "ZVAf261Bu***JEaTbiIkQckj",
        "CreateDate": "2024-08-05T13:41:48+00:00"
    }
}

# Extract AccessKeyId and SecretAccessKey
ACCESS_KEY_ID=$(echo $ACCESS_KEYS | jq -r '.AccessKey.AccessKeyId')
SECRET_ACCESS_KEY=$(echo $ACCESS_KEYS | jq -r '.AccessKey.SecretAccessKey')

# ⚠️ Output the Access Key details
echo "Access Key ID: $ACCESS_KEY_ID"
echo "Secret Access Key: $SECRET_ACCESS_KEY"

Step-03: 🔒 Add Secrets to GitHub Secrets

After creating the IAM user and generating the access keys, follow these steps to add these credentials to your GitHub repository secrets for use in GitHub Actions:

1. Navigate to Secrets in Your GitHub Repository:

   • Go to the main page of your repository on GitHub.
   • Click on the Settings tab at the top of the repository page.
   • In the left sidebar, click on Secrets and variables > Actions.

2. Add New Repository Secret:

   • Click the New repository secret button.
   • AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID:
     • Name: AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID
     • Value: Enter the AccessKeyId value you obtained.
     • Click Add secret.
   • AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY:
     • Name: AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY
     • Value: Enter the SecretAccessKey value you obtained.
     • Click Add secret.
   • S3_BUCKET_NAME:
     • Name: S3_BUCKET_NAME
     • Value: Enter your S3 bucket name (e.g., blazing-lambda-code-bucket).
     • Click Add secret.

Following these steps, you'll securely add the credentials to your GitHub repository for use in your GitHub Actions workflow.

Step-04: 📦 Dependencies

Some compiled languages, like in this C# example, need some dependencies:

dotnet add package Amazon.Lambda.AspNetCoreServer
dotnet add package Amazon.Lambda.AspNetCoreServer.Hosting
dotnet add package Amazon.Lambda.Serialization.SystemTextJson

And a small entry point:

using Amazon.Lambda.APIGatewayEvents;
using Amazon.Lambda.AspNetCoreServer;
using Amazon.Lambda.Core;

namespace HelloWorld
{
   public class LambdaEntryPoint : APIGatewayHttpApiV2ProxyFunction
   {
       protected override void Init(IWebHostBuilder builder)
       {
           builder.UseStartup<Startup>();
       }
   }
}

public class Startup
{
   public Startup(IConfiguration configuration)
   {
       Configuration = configuration;
   }

   public IConfiguration Configuration { get; }

   public void ConfigureServices(IServiceCollection services)
   {
       services.AddEndpointsApiExplorer();
       services.AddSwaggerGen();
   }

   public void Configure(IApplicationBuilder app, IWebHostEnvironment env)
   {
       app.UseHttpsRedirection();
       app.UseRouting();
       app.UseEndpoints(endpoints =>
       {
           endpoints.MapGet("/hello", () =>
           {
               return Results.Ok("hi");
           });
       });
   }
}

Docs: AWS Lambda C#

For Java, it's similar:

import org.springframework.cloud.function.adapter.aws.SpringBootRequestHandler;

public class HelloHandler extends SpringBootRequestHandler<String, String> {}

Docs: Spring Cloud Function AWS Lambda

Step-05: 🤖 Pipeline Magic

Copy the pipeline into .github/workflows/deploy.yml:

name: Deploy to AWS Lambda

on:
  push:
    branches:
      - 'main'
      - 'master'

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - name: Checkout code
        uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Setup .NET
        uses: actions/setup-dotnet@v4
        with:
          dotnet-version: '8.0.x'

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: dotnet restore ./HelloWorld/HelloWorld.csproj

      - name: Build project
        run: dotnet publish ./HelloWorld/HelloWorld.csproj -c Release -o ./publish

      - name: Zip Lambda package
        run: |
          cd publish
          zip -r ../my-lambda.zip .

      - name: Configure AWS credentials
        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
        with:
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
          aws-region: us-east-1

      - name: Upload to S3
        run: aws s3 cp my-lambda.zip s3://${{ secrets.S3_BUCKET_NAME }}/my-lambda.zip

      - name: Update Lambda function code
        run: |
          aws lambda update-function-code --function-name aws-lambda-code --s3-bucket ${{ secrets.S3_BUCKET_NAME }} --s3-key my-lambda.zip

Important: The my-lambda.zip was named to overwrite the previous zip with our actual code. aws-lambda-code is predefined in the CloudFormation stack.

git commit -am “feat(ci): deployment”
git push origin main

Cleaning Up

To delete the CloudFormation stack, use the following command:

# Set the stack name
export STACK_NAME="aws-serverless-stack"

# Delete the CloudFormation stack
aws cloudformation delete-stack --stack-name $STACK_NAME

# Delete the IAM user
aws iam delete-user --user-name $USER_NAME

BLAZINGGG ENJOYY 🎉🔥

You can see your pipeline triggered, the code zipped, uploaded to S3, and the Lambda updated. This workflow will trigger on each commit to the main branch. 🚀

We take the Lambda URL from the stack output or directly from the Lambda interface to make an HTTP request. 🌐

~/edu curl https://6u7hqooiek7rasomnytusyjp2i0lecee.lambda-url.us-east-1.on.aws/hello/
hi

The best part? You can go to S3 and, if you want to try out DynamoDB, go to the LambdaExecutionRole and add more permissions. You can do it in IAM or redeploy the CloudFormation stack if you're brave enough.

C# example code with IaC

And there you have it! A blazing fast, simple way to deploy AWS Lambdas. Enjoy!

Happy deploying :)