Yevhen Kozachenko 🇺🇦

Posted on Sep 2 • Originally published at ekwoster.dev

What No One Tells You About TinyGo: Running Go on an Arduino Changed How I Think About Embedded Programming

#tinygo #embedprogramming #go #microcontroller

What No One Tells You About TinyGo: Running Go on an Arduino Changed How I Think About Embedded Programming

When I first heard about TinyGo, I thought: “Cool, Go for microcontrollers... I doubt it’s practical.” Fast forward a month, and I’m blinking LEDs and handling button inputs with Go on my Arduino Uno — and loving every minute of it.

This blog post isn't just another overview — I'm diving deep into what it's actually like to work with TinyGo, what problems it solves (and doesn't), and how it changes the way you can think about embedded systems development. I'll walk you through a complete example with real code, compare the experience to classic Arduino C/C++, and share how switching to Go on microcontrollers made me a better developer both in the embedded world and fullstack web development.

🧠 Why TinyGo Is a Game-Changer

Let’s set the scene.

Traditionally, embedded programming means clunky C code, opaque compilers, memory juggling, and lots of trial and error. Yes, it’s powerful, but the learning curve is steep and debugging is often a form of digital voodoo.

Here’s why TinyGo flips that on its head:

✅ Type safety and powerful tooling from Go
✅ No garbage collection overhead at runtime (TinyGo uses escape analysis to include the smallest possible runtime)
✅ Works on Arduino, ESP32, BBC micro:bit, and WebAssembly
✅ Compiles blazing fast compared to gcc toolchains

As a developer who is also working in web backend systems using Go, being able to reuse knowledge in the embedded space is cosmic-level productivity alignment.

🤯 Real World: Blinking an LED with Button Input in Go

Let’s look at how the same behavior (toggle an LED with a button press) is written in C vs Go.

🤢 The C Way (Traditional Arduino)

const int buttonPin = 2;
const int ledPin = 13;

void setup() {
  pinMode(buttonPin, INPUT);
  pinMode(ledPin, OUTPUT);
}

void loop() {
  int buttonState = digitalRead(buttonPin);
  if (buttonState == HIGH) {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(ledPin, LOW);
  }
}

😍 The TinyGo Way

package main

import (
    "machine"
    "time"
)

func main() {
    led := machine.LED
    button := machine.D2   // pin 2

    led.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinOutput})
    button.Configure(machine.PinConfig{Mode: machine.PinInput})

    for {
        if button.Get() {
            led.High()
        } else {
            led.Low()
        }
        time.Sleep(10 * time.Millisecond)
    }
}

What do you notice?

The structure is cleaner, type-checked, and takes advantage of Go’s standard libraries.
No main() void awkwardness — the structure feels like writing any regular Go CLI app.

🔧 How to Get Started

Setting up TinyGo is surprisingly smooth.

Step 1: Install TinyGo

brew tap tinygo-org/tools
brew install tinygo

Or grab it from the official downloads.

Step 2: Install AVR tools (for Arduino Uno)

brew install avr-gcc

Step 3: Write Your .go File (like above)

Step 4: Compile and Flash

tinygo flash -target=arduino uno-led-blink.go

Your Arduino will restart and start running your compiled Go program! Yes — you’re running freaking statically compiled Go code on an 8-bit microcontroller!

📊 TinyGo’s Secret Weapon: Code Size

Compare these code sizes:

Arduino C++ binary for our LED app: ~3.2 KB
TinyGo binary for same app: ~2.4 KB

How? TinyGo aggressively compiles only used packages/functions (leveraging Go's linker and escape analysis). And it's not some kind of toy language runtime — apps scale as you'd expect.

🚀 Advanced: Using TinyGo with WebAssembly

That same Go code can be compiled and run in the browser. Don’t believe me?

tinygo build -o main.wasm -target wasm yourfile.go

Then serve it using a web app and call Go functions from your JavaScript glue code. Same syntax, shared logic. It’s a dream come true for teams building fullstack web apps with heavy IOT integrations.

TinyGo opens the door to fully isomorphic Go codebases, spanning browser apps, backend REST services, and tiny embedded devices.

🛑 Watch Out: Language Limitations

TinyGo isn’t a full Go implementation — it supports a major (and growing) subset of features:

No reflection
No interface{} (not yet robust, mostly for simple uses)
No goroutines on most targets (they compile but run sequentially)
No map support in many cases

But you still get:

Great error handling (if err != nil)
Type-safe APIs
Structs and modules
Hardware abstraction for GPIO, I2C, SPI, UART, etc

🙌 Why Use TinyGo Over MicroPython or Arduino C?

Let's be honest, MicroPython is great — but performance is lacking. You don’t want to run real-time sensor loops with tight timing on a MicroPython interpreter.

Arduino C is fast, but unstructured, especially for larger programs.

TinyGo gives you:

Feature	Arduino C	MicroPython	TinyGo
Type Safe	❌	✅	✅
Compile Speed	😐	✅ (none)	✅
Performance	✅	❌	✅
WebAssembly	❌	❌	✅
Modern Syntax	❌	✅	✅

🧠 Final Verdict: Is TinyGo Worth It?

Absolutely — if you:

Already use Golang and want to go to hardware
Want safer, more maintainable embedded projects
Hate thinking about pointers and memory management in C
Want multiple target platforms (microcontrollers, browsers, servers)

TinyGo is not just a developer toy — it’s a serious rethink in how we approach embedded development. It’s about time we started seeing microcontrollers as part of the modern dev stack, not some archaic island.