PHP - Create your own dotenv to loads environment variables from .env file

Loads environment variables from .env file to getenv(), $_ENV and $_SERVER.

Now we create a file named .env

APP_ENV=dev
DATABASE_DNS=mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test;
DATABASE_USER=root
DATABASE_PASSWORD=root

Let's create the class that will parse .env file.

<?php

namespace DevCoder;

class DotEnv
{
    /**
     * The directory where the .env file can be located.
     *
     * @var string
     */
    protected $path;


    public function __construct(string $path)
    {
        if(!file_exists($path)) {
            throw new \InvalidArgumentException(sprintf('%s does not exist', $path));
        }
        $this->path = $path;
    }

    public function load() :void
    {
        if (!is_readable($this->path)) {
            throw new \RuntimeException(sprintf('%s file is not readable', $this->path));
        }

        $lines = file($this->path, FILE_IGNORE_NEW_LINES | FILE_SKIP_EMPTY_LINES);
        foreach ($lines as $line) {

            if (strpos(trim($line), '#') === 0) {
                continue;
            }

            list($name, $value) = explode('=', $line, 2);
            $name = trim($name);
            $value = trim($value);

            if (!array_key_exists($name, $_SERVER) && !array_key_exists($name, $_ENV)) {
                putenv(sprintf('%s=%s', $name, $value));
                $_ENV[$name] = $value;
                $_SERVER[$name] = $value;
            }
        }
    }
}

How to use ?

<?php
use DevCoder\DotEnv;

(new DotEnv(__DIR__ . '/.env'))->load();

echo getenv('APP_ENV');
// dev
echo getenv('DATABASE_DNS')
// mysql:host=localhost;dbname=test;

Ideal for small project
Simple and easy!

Comments

[Derek Erb]

This is exactly what I was looking for to avoid using Composer as well as avoiding an external library. Your simple parser is what I needed to build my own DotEnv class to handle this as I want.

Your explanation and examples are excellent.

Thank you 🙏🏼

[peter279k]

At most of time, I usually use the vlucas/phpdotenv package to help me to manipulate DotEnv file happily.

And thanks for your another approach to develop a simple yet php-dotenv project :).

[Pratik Rane]

Thank you so much, man. This is exactly what I needed. 🎉

[Ben Hickson]

Where do we put this class file, and how do we require it into the application?

[F.R Michel]

you use composer ? or without composer ?

[Ben Hickson]

Ideally both ways? Sometimes I can, some projects I can't.

[F.R Michel]

easy , if you use composer , create this class in your project and use it automaticly .
If you not use composer, create this class without namespace and include file class