Coming from a solid C# background, jumping into Python can feel like a bit of a culture shock. My brain is constantly looking for semicolons, trying to type public static void Main, or reaching for this instead of self.

To save myself from constantly googling the exact syntax differences every single day, I decided to build a quick reference cheat sheet. It breaks down the core concepts side by side, comparing how we do things in C# versus how Python handles them. Whether you are moving into AI, web development, or you want to do a total stack switch, hope this helps 🙌🏻 you got this!

C# to Python Reference Guide

1. General Architecture & Syntax

Feature	C#	Python
Typing	Static (compile-time checked)	Dynamic (runtime checked, typing hints optional)
Execution	Compiled to IL, run by CLR	Interpreted to bytecode, run by PVM
Blocks	Curly braces { }	Strict indentation (whitespace)
Line Endings	Semicolons required ;	Newline (no semicolons)
Entry Point	static void Main(string[] args)	if __name__ == "__main__":
Variables	int x = 5; or var x = 5;	x = 5 (No keywords needed)
Constants	const int MAX = 10;	MAX = 10 (Convention only)
Comments	// Single, /* Multi */	# Single, """ Multi / Docstrings """

2. Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Feature	C#	Python
Class	public class Car { }	class Car:
Instantiation	var car = new Car();	car = Car() (No new keyword)
Constructor	public Car(string name)	def __init__(self, name):
Instance Ref.	this (Implicit)	self (Explicitly passed as first param)
Access Mods	public, private, protected	All public. Prefix _ for internal convention.
Properties	public string Name { get; set; }	Direct attributes, or @property decorator
Inheritance	class Car : Vehicle (Single)	class Car(Vehicle): (Multiple allowed)
Interfaces	interface IVehicle { ... }	"Duck Typing", abc.ABC, or typing.Protocol

3. Functions & Methods

Feature	C#	Python
Naming Norm	PascalCase()	snake_case()
Overloading	Supported natively	Not supported (use default args or **kwargs)
Void Return	void MyMethod()	Returns None by default
Var Args	params int[] numbers	*args (positional), **kwargs (named)
Lambdas	x => x * 2	lambda x: x * 2
Generators	yield return item;	yield item

4. Data Types & Control Flow

Feature	C#	Python
Null/Empty	null	None
Booleans	true, false	True, False (Capitalized)
Logical Ops	&&, ||, !	and, or, not
Ternary	cond ? true : false	true_val if cond else false_val
Switch	switch(x) { case 1: ... }	match x: case 1: ... (Python 3.10+)
Arrays/Lists	int[], List<int>	list [1, 2, 3] (Dynamic, mixed types)
Dictionaries	Dictionary<string, int>	dict {"key": 1}
Strings	$"Hello {name}"	f"Hello {name}"
Type Check	if (obj is MyClass)	if isinstance(obj, MyClass):

5. Error Handling & Concurrency

Feature	C#	Python
Exceptions	try { } catch(Exception e) { }	try: ... except Exception as e: ...
Throwing	throw new Exception();	raise Exception()
Async	async / await (Task)	async / await (asyncio coroutine)
Disposal	using (var f = File.Open())	with open(...) as f: (Context Managers)