Operators in Python

What are Operators?

Operators are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on values and variables.

For example, we use operators to perform calculations, compare values, and check conditions.

Types of Operators in Python

Python has six main types of operators:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational (Comparison) Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

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1. Arithmetic Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform mathematical calculations.

Operator	Description
+	Addition
-	Subtraction
*	Multiplication
/	Division
//	Floor Division
%	Modulus (Remainder)
**	Exponentiation (Power)

Example:

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)
print(a / b)
print(a // b)
print(a % b)
print(a ** b)

Output:

13
3.3333333333333335
3
1
1000

Note: / performs normal division, // returns the floor value, % gives the remainder, and ** calculates power.

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2. Relational (Comparison) Operators

These operators compare two values and return either True or False.

Operator	Meaning
>	Greater than
<	Less than
>=	Greater than or equal to
<=	Less than or equal to
==	Equal to
!=	Not equal to

Example:

a = 10
b = 20

print(a > b)
print(a < b)
print(a == b)
print(a != b)

Output:

False
True
False
True

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3. Logical Operators

Logical operators are used to combine conditions.

Python provides three logical operators:

• and – True when both conditions are True.
• or – True when at least one condition is True.
• not – Reverses the result.

Example:

age = 22
has_id = True

print(age >= 18 and has_id)
print(age >= 18 or has_id)
print(not has_id)

Output:

True
True
False

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4. Bitwise Operators

Bitwise operators perform operations on the binary representation of numbers (0s and 1s).

Operator	Description
&	Bitwise AND
`\	`
^	Bitwise XOR
~	Bitwise NOT
<<	Left Shift
>>	Right Shift

Example:

a = 5
b = 3

print(a & b)
print(a | b)
print(a ^ b)
print(~a)
print(a << 1)
print(a >> 1)

Output:

1
7
6
-6
10
2

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5. Assignment Operators

Assignment operators are used to assign or update values in variables.

Operator	Example	Equivalent
=	a = 10	Assign value
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 5	a = a - 5
*=	a *= 5	a = a * 5
/=	a /= 5	a = a / 5
%=	a %= 5	a = a % 5

Example:

a = 10

a += 5
print(a)

a *= 2
print(a)

Output:

15
30

These shorthand operators make updating variable values easier.

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6. Conditional (Ternary) Operator

The ternary operator allows us to write a simple if-else condition in a single line.

Syntax:

value_if_true if condition else value_if_false

Example:

age = 20

result = "Eligible" if age >= 18 else "Not Eligible"

print(result)

Output:

Eligible

If the condition is True, the first value is returned; otherwise, the second value is returned.