Overview
You can create a virtual environment of Python like nvm by installing pyenv and pipenv.
pyenv is the version manager of Python(≒ nvm).
pipenv is the library manager of Python.
This manages installed libraries for each directories(projects) because the libraries installed via pipenv are installed in ~/.virtualenvs/<YOUR_DIRECTORY_NAME>-<UUID>.
<YOUR_DIRECTORY_NAME>-<UUID> directory is automatically generated when pipenv installs a library in the directory.
Getting started
1. Install pyenv
brew install pyenv
2. Add the paths to $PATH to be able to activate pyenv command and manage python versions with it
You need to add the following lines to .zprofile or .zshrc etc...
# Add .pyenv/bin to $PATH to be able to run pyenv command anywhere
export PATH="$HOME/.pyenv/bin:$PATH"
# Add .pyenv/shims to $PATH to switch python versions with pyenv command
eval "$(pyenv init -)"
How to manage your python virtualenvs with Pipenv
Pipenv Installation
Where does pipenv install a package (ja)
3. Install a python version
# Show the list of version available for installation
pyenv install -l
# Install the version
pyenv install <version> # ex: pyenv install 3.12.0
# Show the list of installed version
pyenv versions
4. Set the python version in the local directory
The python version is managed by .python-version file created after the command.
# Set the version in local
pyenv local <version>
# Show the current python version
pyenv version
# Check whether python command is activated
python -V
5. Install pipenv
Pipfile (≒ package.json) is created after the installation command.
brew install pipenv
# Set the same python version as pyenv
pipenv --python <version>
6. Install a package and create a virtual environment
When a package is installed for the first time in your current directory, ~/.virtualenvs/<YOUR_DIRECTORY_NAME>-<UUID> directory is created and then the package is installed there.
# Add the package information to **Pipfile** and **Pipfile.lock** (be created if it doesn't exist)
pipenv install <PACKAGE_NAME>
# Uninstall
pipenv uninstall <PACKAGE_NAME>
7. Activate a virtual environment
You need to enter the virtual environment created above to use the installed packages.
# Activate the local directory's environment
# You can exit from it by entering `exit` if you want do
pipenv shell
# Activate the environment and run a command
pipenv run <COMMAND> # pipenv run python main.py
pipenv run <COMMAND> means to run pipenv shell and then run <COMMAND>.
Other commands
# Show the path of the virtual environment (directory)
pipenv --venv
# Remove the local virtual environment with the whole installed packages
pipenv --rm
Top comments (1)
Nice. Thank you very much.