Trade Republic in Switzerland: Does Spanish Nationality Qualify?

If you live in Switzerland and hold a Spanish passport, can you open Trade Republic because Spain is on the provider’s supported-country list? Nationality by itself does not answer the question. Trade Republic’s account-opening guidance ties eligibility to permanent residence in a country where it offers the product. The current support page I checked does not list Switzerland. A Spanish passport therefore does not turn a Swiss residence into a Spanish residence for onboarding purposes. If your actual residence and tax position are different from the simple example, ask the provider about your exact case before applying.

Start with our market analysis CH/EU for the basic Switzerland availability answer; this guide adds the evidence checks that are easy to miss when nationality, residence, tax residence, and custody are treated as one thing. The goal is not to steer you to another app. It is to help you establish whether a broker will accept your real circumstances, what legal entity will contract with you, and what happens to your cash and securities if you later move.

This is general information, not investment, tax, or legal advice. Account terms and country lists can change. Recheck the provider’s current help centre and your signed documents on the day you apply.

The specific question behind the search

The existing page answers the broad query, “Is Trade Republic available in Switzerland?” The live search results I reviewed also contain short answer pages that say Swiss residents cannot open a new account and then compare alternatives. Some make a product recommendation; one page includes a commission disclosure beside its recommendation. That disclosure does not make the page unusable, but it matters when separating the factual eligibility answer from a commercial suggestion.

There is a narrower unresolved question: “I have Spanish nationality.” The Search Console query report for the source page showed that exact query once between 1 and 28 October 2026, with one impression, zero clicks, and an average position of 9. This is one observed impression, not a survey or a measure of how many people have the same question. Search Console omits some low-volume queries, and a single appearance cannot establish demand. It is enough to identify a concrete ambiguity worth answering: a passport identifies citizenship; a broker’s country rule may instead depend on where the applicant permanently lives and is tax liable.

I compared the current source page, current provider help material, FINMA’s public information, a Swiss deposit-protection FAQ, a Swiss investing forum discussion, university research, and an adviser’s product page and webinar listing. The forum is evidence of the questions people ask, not legal evidence. The adviser’s page describes its own product, not a neutral ranking. The university papers have narrow samples and dates. Those limits are part of the method, not footnotes to ignore.

The answer as of 29 October 2026

Trade Republic’s public help page says it accepts account applications from people who are permanent residents in countries where its product is offered, then lists the supported countries. Switzerland is not on that list as checked on 29 October 2026. The provider’s wider support material also says applicants must be resident and tax liable in the country from which they register. On that evidence, a person who is resident in Switzerland should not assume that Spanish, French, Italian, or another eligible-country citizenship makes them eligible.

The practical answer is therefore:

• Spanish citizen, resident and tax liable in Switzerland: the passport alone does not meet the provider’s stated country-of-residence rule. Do not start an application on the assumption that it does.
• Swiss citizen, permanently resident and tax liable in Spain: nationality alone does not appear to exclude you, but the provider’s other onboarding requirements and the exact account terms still apply. Confirm them directly.
• A person with more than one residence or a recent move: do not collapse a mailing address, tax residence, nationality, and habitual residence into one field. Ask the provider which facts and documents govern the application.

The answer is about new-account eligibility based on the published information. It is not a promise about how an existing customer’s account will be handled after moving, nor a legal conclusion about every cross-border service a foreign broker may provide.

Four labels that should stay separate

Label	What it describes	What it does not prove
Nationality	Citizenship or the passport presented for identification	That a broker serves residents of that country
Physical or permanent residence	Where you actually live under the provider’s stated onboarding rule	That your tax treatment or account contract is settled
Tax residence	The jurisdiction or jurisdictions relevant to your tax declarations	That the broker has accepted your account or offers every product there
Correspondence address	Where letters or cards can be delivered	A real residence, tax status, or right to open an account

The distinction sounds obvious until an app asks for a passport, address, tax identification number, phone number, and bank account in a short sequence. A person may have one nationality, live in another country, and have tax obligations that require individual analysis. A broker may also have product-specific restrictions that differ by country. An app accepting an identity document is not the same as confirming that your country of residence is eligible.

Trade Republic’s help page is especially useful here because it states the residence condition directly rather than asking readers to infer eligibility from a passport. Its public country list is a snapshot, not a guarantee that all products, currencies, tax reports, or account functions are identical in every listed country. Use the exact provider page and account agreement shown to your own application. If the app’s country choices conflict with a general support article, stop and ask support for a written answer that names your residence country and the product you intend to use.

A reusable seven-check broker screen

Before comparing fees or downloading an app, build a small evidence record. The method below separates an eligibility decision from a product comparison. It is intentionally conservative: “unknown” means “not verified,” not “probably fine.”

Check	Evidence to save	Decision it supports
1. Residence eligibility	Current provider help page or a written answer naming your real residence	Whether a new application is allowed for your circumstances
2. Contracting entity	Full legal company name in the agreement and account disclosure	Which company owes the contractual duties
3. Regulatory route	Exact register entry, home supervisor, or documented reason a specific register is not applicable	Which regulator or framework is relevant to the entity and service
4. Asset path	Current custody, nominee, clearing, and cash-placement description	Where securities and uninvested cash are held
5. Protection type	Named deposit scheme, investor-compensation scheme, segregation rule, or explicit non-coverage	Which loss scenario a protection may address—and which it does not
6. Tax and records	Sample annual statement, transaction export, dividend and withholding fields, and support contact	Whether your tax preparer can reconcile the records for your situation
7. Exit and cost	Transfer, withdrawal, closure, FX, custody, order, and third-party cost documents	Whether you can leave and what total costs are visible

Do not score a broker by adding checkmarks into a “safety score.” The checks answer different questions. A clear residency rule does not cancel a poor transfer process; a strong regulator entry does not make an investment suitable; low fees do not establish cash protection. Keep the evidence row-by-row so a missing answer stays visible.

Use this flow to keep eligibility separate from a product-quality comparison:

flowchart TD
    A[Record actual residence and tax residence] --> B{Provider's current rule supports residence?}
    B -- No --> C[Stop this application path]
    B -- Unclear --> D[Ask provider for written clarification]
    B -- Yes --> E[Record contracting entity and regulatory route]
    E --> F[Check custody, cash, protection, tax records, costs, and exit]
    F --> G{Evidence complete and consistent?}
    G -- No --> H[Hold and obtain missing documents]
    G -- Yes --> I[Ready to compare; suitability remains a separate decision]

Check 1: ask about your actual residence, not your passport

Write the question in one sentence: “I am a Spanish citizen permanently resident and tax liable in Switzerland; can I open this exact account and use it while remaining resident in Switzerland?” Replace the facts with your own. Ask whether the provider requires permanent residence, tax liability, a local phone number, a local bank account, a residence permit, or some combination. Request the answer in the provider’s own help centre or another written support channel.

The provider’s general onboarding support lists requirements such as valid identification, age, permanent residence and tax liability in the registration country, a European mobile number, and a SEPA bank account. Requirements can change and can differ by country or product. Treat that list as an initial screening checklist, not as approval of an application. Do not use a friend’s address, a temporary stay, or a network location as a substitute for the facts the provider requests. A VPN changes network routing; it cannot create permanent residence, tax liability, or a truthful supporting document.

If you are moving, ask a separate question before the move: whether the existing account may remain open, whether the registration country can be changed, whether positions can be transferred, whether new purchases are restricted, and what deadline applies to notifying changed tax information. The public new-account page does not settle those account-maintenance questions. Save the answer and the version of the terms that applies to your account.

Checks 2 and 3: identify the entity and its regulatory route

An app brand is not necessarily the company named in your contract. Find the legal entity in the customer agreement, account statement, and custody documents. Record the country of incorporation, company name, registered address, and any named bank or securities firm that holds assets. Search the exact legal name, not just the marketing name.

FINMA publishes lists and search tools for institutions and products that fall within its remit. Its public guidance also explains that authorisation requirements vary by activity and that levels of supervision differ. FINMA’s information on adviser registration describes separate obligations for some client advisers, including circumstances involving foreign providers. That means a search result has to be interpreted against the service and legal entity; it is not responsible to turn “I did not find the brand in one list” into “the company is illegal.” Conversely, a foreign licence should not be described as Swiss supervision.

For a broker serving private clients, write down the exact answer to these questions: Which entity provides the brokerage service? Which regulator supervises that entity? Is it the same entity that takes cash deposits? Does the provider identify a Swiss branch or adviser registration, or explain a cross-border arrangement? Which claims are stated in official registers, and which are only in app marketing? If you cannot determine the answer from primary documents, the result is “hold and ask,” not a guess.

FINMA’s register pages have their own limits: lists can be updated, some activities use different legal routes, and a registration body is not the same thing as FINMA supervising every adviser on an ongoing prudential basis. Keep the actual register entry and the explanatory page together. For an unresolved legal classification, ask a qualified Swiss professional rather than treating a general article as a case-specific ruling.

Checks 4 and 5: separate securities custody from cash protection

“My assets are protected” is too broad to be a useful answer. Ask separately about securities, cash, and money-market funds. A securities custody arrangement may involve segregation and transfer procedures. A bank balance may fall under a deposit-guarantee scheme if the relevant bank, branch, account, and customer meet that scheme’s rules. A money-market fund is an investment with a different legal and market-risk profile; it is not simply a bank deposit with a different label.

The Swiss deposit-protection FAQ says coverage depends on where the deposit is booked and on the institution’s status. It describes protection up to CHF 100,000 per client per bank for covered deposits and explains that deposits at foreign institutions are covered only in specified circumstances, such as an authorised branch in Switzerland. The contractual bank and booking location matter. A Swiss passport, Swiss app download, or Swiss customer address does not by itself turn an overseas account into a Swiss insured bank deposit.

Trade Republic’s own help material gives an example of why a statement must be account-specific: it says available cash can be distributed among partner banks and, for some customers and balances, diversified into money-market funds. It distinguishes those fund holdings from deposits. That provider page is useful as a description of its own product mechanics, not as a guarantee for a Swiss resident who cannot open a new account under the current country list. If considering another provider, obtain that provider’s current custody and cash-placement disclosure. Ask which named bank holds cash, which scheme covers it, and what happens to positions during a broker failure.

Do not confuse four events: a market loss, a bank failure, a broker failure, and fraud or unauthorised access. Deposit protection does not reimburse an investment decline. Asset segregation is not a promise that records will be reconciled instantly. A compensation scheme may have eligibility criteria and a cap. Each protection answers a different failure mode, so record the scheme’s name, legal scope, limit, and exclusions rather than relying on an app badge.

Check 6: test the tax documents before funding

The relevant question is not simply “Does the broker provide a tax statement?” Ask what the statement contains for your residence and account branch: year-end positions, acquisition prices, dividends, withholding tax, corporate actions, fees, foreign-exchange rates, and transaction dates. If a sample exists, review it before depositing money. A marketing phrase such as “tax report available” may mean a convenience document rather than an official Swiss tax certificate or a filing-ready output.

The Mustachian Post community includes a discussion from a person who described a complex Swiss address and tax situation while asking how new investments should be declared and whether Trade Republic or Interactive Brokers could serve them. Forum posts are not tax authority and the discussion is dated. Its value is diagnostic: readers often combine residence, taxation, and broker choice in one question. Your own canton, move date, other tax residence, employment, and assets can change the answer. Ask your canton’s tax office or a qualified adviser about your facts; use the broker’s export as source data, not as a substitute for the tax decision.

If you use a broker outside your tax-residence country, test one complete sample year-end export. Confirm that amounts reconcile to monthly statements and that the document distinguishes cash interest, dividends, withholding, and realised transactions. Save original statements and transaction exports in a durable format. If an account is closed, check how long you can still access historic documents. Do not assume an app will remain available for archive access indefinitely.

Check 7: compare total cost and the exit route

Headline order fees can conceal other cost lines. A practical comparison separates: account or custody charges; the explicit order fee; currency conversion; exchange and third-party charges; spread or execution-price effects; fund expense ratios; cash interest conditions; and transfer or closure charges. Do not add unlike figures without matching the same security, venue, order size, currency, and holding period. Record whether a figure comes from a tariff sheet, an order preview, a product disclosure, or an estimate.

One transparent worksheet is:

annual explicit cost = account fee
                    + custody fee for the planned portfolio value
                    + number of orders × order charge
                    + expected FX conversions × disclosed FX charge
                    + separately billed exchange and service fees

This expression excludes market movement, spread, fund expenses, tax, and any opportunity cost. Add those separately where they apply; do not label the formula “total return” or “guaranteed annual cost.” Use the broker’s actual order preview for a representative transaction and state the assumptions. If the relevant costs cannot be priced from documents, mark the comparison incomplete.

VZ VermögensZentrum’s page for its own Financial Portal Pro lays out both a ticket-fee model and a flat-fee model, with third-party costs treated separately. That is a useful example of how fee architecture can differ even within one provider. The page is promotional material for VZ’s own service, so it should not be read as a neutral market-wide price comparison. The associated webinar listing identifies a product demonstration recorded in May 2022; its age and product scope make it unsuitable for establishing current eligibility rules or a current universal fee benchmark. Use a video demo to understand workflow only after checking the dated tariff and legal documents.

Exit costs deserve the same attention as entry costs. Ask how long a transfer takes, whether fractional positions can be transferred or must be sold, whether outgoing securities fees apply, how cash is returned, which currency is used, and how corporate actions are handled during transfer. A low-cost account that is difficult to unwind may not be a low-cost account for your actual time horizon.

Worked cases: what the evidence changes

Case A: Spanish passport, Swiss home and Swiss tax residence. The passport is not the deciding variable in the current published rule. Switzerland is absent from the provider’s stated residence list, so the result is “not supported for a new application on the evidence checked.” Do not try to manufacture Spanish residence. If you believe a specific legal arrangement applies, obtain written confirmation from the provider and professional advice before entering an application.

Case B: Swiss passport, permanent home and tax liability in Spain. The nationality is Swiss, but the residence facts may be different. The published rule points toward the registration country, not a required nationality match. This is not an automatic “yes”: confirm that Spain is supported on the current country-specific list, that your tax and bank details meet the terms, and that the exact products you want are offered under that account.

Case C: recent move from Spain to Switzerland with an existing account. The new-applicant country page cannot answer whether the existing account can be maintained. Do not infer either automatic closure or automatic portability from a generic availability article. Ask the provider for its written procedure, reporting deadline, permitted activity while the address changes, and a transfer/closure plan. Keep the reply, signed agreement, and any asset-transfer quote.

Case D: two addresses, cross-border work, or multiple tax residences. Do not choose the country that produces the easiest onboarding screen. State the facts accurately to the provider and to your tax adviser. Ask which residence definition the provider uses, what documentation supports it, and whether the product is available to private clients with your profile. If the answers conflict, do not fund the account while the conflict is unresolved.

These cases are a decision method, not a legal ruling. The status labels describe what the cited documents support, not what a regulator or court would decide in a specific dispute.

A small evidence checker you can run locally

The following Node.js script is a reusable completeness check. It does not visit a website, authenticate a company, query a regulator, or judge whether a source is legally sufficient. It only prevents a worksheet from silently treating missing evidence as a positive result. Keep the JSON file on your own device; do not add account numbers, identity documents, passwords, or private tax identifiers.

Save this as broker-check.js:

const fs = require('node:fs');

const file = process.argv[2] || 'broker-evidence.json';
const data = JSON.parse(fs.readFileSync(file, 'utf8'));
const allowedEligibility = new Set(['supported', 'unsupported', 'unknown']);
const requiredEvidence = [
  ['residenceCountry', 'actual residence country'],
  ['eligibilityEvidenceUrl', 'current provider eligibility evidence URL'],
  ['legalEntity', 'contracting legal entity'],
  ['regulatorEvidenceUrl', 'regulatory or register evidence URL'],
  ['cashAndCustodyEvidenceUrl', 'cash and custody evidence URL'],
  ['taxRecordsEvidenceUrl', 'tax and transaction-record evidence URL'],
  ['costEvidenceUrl', 'dated fee schedule or order-preview evidence URL'],
  ['checkedOn', 'date the evidence was checked'],
];

if (!allowedEligibility.has(data.providerEligibility)) {
  console.error('providerEligibility must be supported, unsupported, or unknown');
  process.exit(2);
}

const missing = requiredEvidence
  .filter(([key]) => !String(data[key] || '').trim())
  .map(([, label]) => label);
const invalidUrls = requiredEvidence
  .filter(([key]) => key.endsWith('Url') && data[key])
  .filter(([key]) => {
    try { return new URL(data[key]).protocol !== 'https:'; }
    catch { return true; }
  })
  .map(([, label]) => label);

if (data.providerEligibility === 'unsupported') {
  console.log('STOP: the recorded provider evidence says this residence is not supported.');
  console.log('Recheck the current provider source before acting; do not use a false address.');
  process.exit(2);
}
if (missing.length || invalidUrls.length || data.providerEligibility === 'unknown') {
  console.log('HOLD: evidence is incomplete or eligibility remains unknown.');
  for (const item of missing) console.log(`- Missing: ${item}`);
  for (const item of invalidUrls) console.log(`- Check URL: ${item}`);
  process.exit(1);
}

console.log('READY TO COMPARE: the worksheet is complete; no suitability or safety judgment was made.');
console.log('Manually verify each source, entity, date, and account-specific document.');

Create a private JSON file next to the script. This intentionally incomplete example demonstrates only the STOP branch for the situation in the opening question; the provider says the residence is unsupported, so the script exits before testing source URLs. Replace the evidence placeholders with actual HTTPS URLs before using the worksheet for any other result:

{
  "residenceCountry": "Switzerland",
  "providerEligibility": "unsupported",
  "eligibilityEvidenceUrl": "recorded separately for this STOP-only example",
  "legalEntity": "not yet applicable; no account opened",
  "regulatorEvidenceUrl": "recorded separately for this STOP-only example",
  "cashAndCustodyEvidenceUrl": "recorded separately for this STOP-only example",
  "taxRecordsEvidenceUrl": "not yet applicable; request provider-specific example",
  "costEvidenceUrl": "not yet applicable; request current tariff",
  "checkedOn": "2026-10-29"
}

Run it with node broker-check.js broker-evidence.json. In this example the script exits with status code 2 because the recorded provider evidence says the residence is unsupported. That result means “stop this application path on this evidence,” not “the product is unsafe” or “every possible cross-border case is unlawful.” If eligibility later changes, update the evidence and date. The script never converts nationality into residence and never gives an investment recommendation.

The useful artifact is the evidence trail: each field can be traced to a dated source, each unknown remains visible, and a different person can review the same records without relying on a remembered conversation. For a regulated or tax-sensitive edge case, that traceability is more valuable than a green badge that cannot explain what it checked.

What the research and video can—and cannot—tell you

The source mix matters because broker selection invites overconfident shortcuts. A University of St Gallen study using data from a social-trading platform found that followers were more likely to replicate portfolios after comments, but the postings did not help them identify portfolios with superior future performance. The study is about social-trading behaviour, not Trade Republic onboarding or Swiss residents. It supports a narrow caution: community activity and a polished feed are not proof that a feature improves investment outcomes.

A University of Fribourg repository record describes a 2010 paper based on Swissquote client data. The paper examined relationships among turnover, account value, diversification, and transaction costs. It predates current mobile brokers and does not rank modern platforms. Its relevance is limited but practical: trading behaviour and cost structure interact, so compare how you expect to use an account rather than comparing only a single headline order fee.

I also checked a VZ page that contains a webinar recording about VZ’s own online trading platform. The page identifies the recording as produced in May 2022 and presents the service as a VZ product. The video embed did not provide a readable transcript during this review, so I did not rely on unseen video claims. The page is still useful for identifying that the content is a product demo; its own dated tariff and disclosures are the relevant documents to inspect. It is not evidence that another broker accepts Swiss residents.

Failure modes that create bad answers

Using nationality as a proxy for residence. The app asks for a passport, so a reader assumes that citizenship controls the market. The provider’s own text says otherwise. Separate the passport field from the residence field and get a direct answer for the latter.

Treating a mailing address as a workaround. A postal address, a relative’s home, and permanent residence are not interchangeable. A false or outdated declaration can create account-access and contractual problems. The safe action is to disclose your real circumstances, not to experiment with addresses until an application passes.

Reading one FINMA search result as a complete legal opinion. FINMA’s public lists describe specific authorised entities and activities; separate registration routes can apply. Search the exact contracting entity and service, read the authority’s explanation, and seek qualified advice if the cross-border route remains unclear. Neither “not found” nor “licensed abroad” answers every question by itself.

Confusing deposits with investment assets. Cash in a bank account, units in a money-market fund, and securities in custody are different legal and market exposures. Ask where each is booked and which protection, if any, applies. A deposit scheme does not reimburse market losses.

Choosing the cheapest visible order fee. FX costs, custody fees, spreads, exchange charges, instrument costs, and exit fees can change the comparison. Use one representative order and a fixed holding period; if the tariff cannot be reproduced from current documents, mark it unknown.

Copying a recommendation from a page with a commercial interest. A comparison can be informative and still earn a commission. Read its disclosure, separate the factual section from the call to action, and verify eligibility in the provider’s own documents. A commercial relationship does not prove a claim false; it changes the evidence standard you should apply.

Treating an old video as current policy. Product walkthroughs can explain navigation and feature concepts. They cannot establish a country list, a current fee, or your account’s legal entity unless they point to dated documents that still apply. Record the publication date and check the current agreement.

A practical checklist before you submit an application

• I have written down my actual permanent residence and every tax residence I may need to disclose.
• The provider’s current country list or written answer addresses my real residence, not merely my nationality.
• I know the full legal name of the contracting company and the relevant regulator or registration route.
• I have separate documents for securities custody, cash placement, and any deposit-protection claim.
• I have reviewed a sample annual transaction and tax export for my residence country.
• I have used a dated tariff and one representative order to calculate visible costs.
• I know how to transfer or close the account and retrieve records afterward.
• Any unresolved “unknown” is recorded as a hold, not silently changed into “yes.”

Frequently asked questions

I am Spanish. Can I open Trade Republic while living in Switzerland?

The published Trade Republic help page I checked ties applications to permanent residence in a country where the provider offers its product, and Switzerland is absent from that list. Spanish nationality by itself does not satisfy that stated residence condition. Ask the provider if you have another real residence or a special case; do not enter an address that is not yours.

I am Swiss but permanently live in Spain. Is that automatically allowed?

No automatic conclusion follows from citizenship alone. The provider’s published rule points to residence and tax liability in the registration country, but the provider still has to confirm your documentation, account branch, product, and current country-specific terms. Use its official support and application documents.

Can I keep an account if I move from a supported country to Switzerland?

The new-account country list does not settle existing-account portability. Ask the provider in writing about changed residence, tax reporting, continued activity, transfer options, and closure steps before the move. Save a copy of the account terms that apply to your account.

Does a foreign broker’s licence make my account protected by Swiss deposit insurance?

Not by itself. Esisuisse describes coverage according to the relevant bank or securities firm and where the deposit is booked. Verify the contractual bank and branch, then read the scheme’s exact scope and limits. Securities, money-market funds, and deposits are not interchangeable categories.

Does a FINMA search with no result mean a broker is fraudulent?

No. It means your search did not find that entity in the particular list or search route you used. FINMA materials describe different authorisation and registration requirements. Confirm the legal entity and service, check the appropriate register, and use the FINMA warning information where relevant. If you cannot resolve the route, pause and get qualified advice.

Should I choose the broker with the lowest order fee?

Not without comparing the same transaction and holding period. Include custody, currency conversion, exchange charges, fund expenses, spreads, records, and exit costs. A provider that is unavailable to your actual residence is not a candidate regardless of its advertised price.

Sources and limits

The provider’s country list and onboarding rules can change. FINMA’s registers describe specific activities and legal categories; this article does not determine whether a particular foreign broker may provide a particular service to a particular person in Switzerland. Esisuisse’s deposit FAQ describes scheme scope, not investment suitability or market-loss reimbursement. University studies cited here have limited samples and do not compare current broker products. The VZ page concerns VZ’s own service and includes product marketing. The Mustachian Post discussion is user-generated. Search Console evidence is one impression, not a representative survey. The script is a worksheet-completeness check and does not validate sources.

For a reader with Swiss residence and Spanish nationality, the next action is modest: compare the facts in your own case with the current provider eligibility page, save the dated answer, and stop if the real residence is unsupported. If residence is eligible, continue with the legal entity, custody, protection, tax-record, cost, and exit checks before funding the account. This sequence answers the practical question without turning a passport into a proxy for residence or turning a broker comparison into a recommendation.

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Sources

• Trade Republic: permanent-residence eligibility and supported countries
• Trade Republic: account-opening requirements
• FINMA: authorised institutions, individuals, and products
• FINMA: adviser registration and foreign-provider conditions
• esisuisse: deposit-protection FAQ
• Trade Republic: where cash is stored and how it is treated
• University of St Gallen: study of investment-related online postings
• University of Fribourg: Swissquote trader-behaviour paper record
• VZ VermögensZentrum: its online trading platform and 2022 webinar listing
• Mustachian Post Community: discussion of Swiss residence, tax questions, and broker eligibility
• Investing Hero: competing Trade Republic article and disclosed commercial recommendation