linux commands

Some useful basic linux commands

File & Directory Commands

pwd → shows current directory path
ls → lists files and folders
ls -l → detailed list view
cd foldername → change directory
cd .. → move one level up
mkdir foldername → create a new directory
rmdir foldername → remove empty directory

File Operations

touch file.txt → create a new file
cp file1 file2 → copy files
mv file1 file2 → move/rename files
rm file.txt → delete file
rm -r foldername → delete folder recursively

Viewing Files

cat file.txt → view file content
more file.txt → view page by page
less file.txt → scrollable view
head file.txt → first 10 lines
tail file.txt → last 10 lines

System Info

whoami → current user
uname -a → system info
df -h → disk usage
free -m → memory usage
top → running processes

Permissions

chmod 755 file → change permissions
chown user file → change ownership