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Bash: How To Teleport In The Terminal

Jimmy McBride on July 02, 2020

Overview Today, I'm going to be sharing a little trick I use to teleport around my terminal with ease. Do you change to your project d...

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Ken Bellows • Jul 3 '20 • Edited

pushd and popd are super handy for jumping to several locations, then trying to backtrack to where you were a few jumps ago; I've known about them for a while and still haven't gotten into the habit of using them.

But for simple one-off cases, just jumping to one directory and the jumping back to the last one, there's another option that I use more often: if you call the cd command with the - character, it jumps back one directory!

> ~/projects/my-thing/src
$ cd ../../my-other-thing/sec

> ~/projects/my-other-thing/src
$ cd -

> ~/projects/my-thing/src
$

This only works for a single level; whereas pushd/popd will store as many moves as you want, if you issue cd - a bunch of times, you'll just jump back and forth between the same two directories. But for most of my own day to day uses, it gets the job done. This is especially handy when you weren't planning to jump back, like when you misremember where something is and you cd to the wrong place, then want to jump back to where you were.

Another related protip: the git checkout command adopted the same convention, so that git checkout - will checkout out the previous branch!

Colin • Jul 7 '20

~- is the value of the shell variable OLDPWD, so you can list out your previous directory with ls ~- . Saves a little time from having to type all the extra characters in cd - && ls && cd - .

But since it holds the actual directory path, it's even more useful because you can quickly list out any subdirs with ls ~-/oldPwdSubDir/anotherSubdir

Dom Hastings • Jul 3 '20 • Edited

Another useful feature of cd, calling it with no arguments takes you to ~. This can save you doing cd ../../../.. or cd ~!

Ken Bellows • Jul 8 '20 • Edited

A side effect of this that sometimes catches me off guard is that if you try to cd to an environment variable that doesn't exist, or if you misspell a variable (e.g. cd $PORJ_HOME instead of $PROJ_HOME), you end up running plain cd by accident and going home instead! Always takes me a second to realize what happened

Felix Wolfsteller • Jul 6 '20

Maybe worthwile to note that zsh gives you multiple cd - entries and you can even iterate and inspect the list when hitting tab. Quite nice. And then wd plugin for "warp points" (basically cd X aliases, but with convention).

Waylon Walker • Jul 3 '20

I ❤️ aliases

You gotta check out rupa/z. It's not quite as reliable as an alias, it is magical. It's based on your frecently used directories.

rupa / z

z - jump around

Z(1)                             User Commands                            Z(1)
NAME
       z - jump around
SYNOPSIS
       z [-chlrtx] [regex1 regex2 ... regexn]
AVAILABILITY
       bash, zsh

DESCRIPTION
       Tracks your most used directories, based on 'frecency'.

       After  a  short  learning  phase, z will take you to the most 'frecent'
       directory that matches ALL of the regexes given on the command line, in
       order.

       For example, z foo bar would match /foo/bar but not /bar/foo.

OPTIONS
       -c     restrict matches to subdirectories of the current directory

       -e     echo the best match, don't cd

       -h     show a brief help message

       -l     list only

       -r     match by rank only

       -t     match by recent access only

       -x     remove the current directory from the datafile

EXAMPLES
       z foo         cd to most frecent dir matching foo

       z foo bar     cd to most frecent dir matching foo, then bar

       z -r foo      cd to highest ranked dir matching foo

       z -t foo      cd to most recently

…

View on GitHub

i5513 • Jul 3 '20

I was hopping to see this kind of tools at this post

E Cognito • Jul 7 '20 • Edited

I use a combination of z and aliases. E.g.:

alias projects="z ~/Documents/projects"

So now, if I just type projects I'll always go to the ~/Documents/projects folder, but if I type projects img I'll have a good chance of going to the ~/Documents/projects/static/img folder.

The alias is using z, but only to change to a folder under ~/Documents/projects.

Tchoupinax • Jul 12 '20

Otherwise, you could use a better z :)
github.com/ajeetdsouza/zoxide

Samuel Abreu • Jul 3 '20

One extra of using &&, if the first command fails it stops, if you need to run all commands even when any of them returns an error you can use ;

As && you also can use ||, to execute something if the previous command returns an error, very handy on scripts, something like:

command > /dev/null 2>&1 || exit 1

To suppress stdou and stderr of command but stop the script if returns an error

Jimmy McBride • Jul 3 '20

That's actually really useful to know! Thanks for sharing!

Cliff • Jul 3 '20

I've never gotten into the habit of using aliases for cd-ing into directories, but I use the pushd set of commands so much, I have them shortened to pu, po, and ds (for dirs -v). I don't personally have a huge use for location aliases, as I just use soft links to create shortcuts to them from my home directory. Typing ~/ isn't a huge deal to me.

That said, the "proper" or POSIX-y way to do this is to use the CDPATH variable. Much like you can set your default binary paths with the PATH variable, you can give cd a list of places to look for directories you've asked for. You should usually make . the first directory in CDPATH, but you can add as many additional directories as you like. So in your examples, if you add ~/Documents to your CDPATH, you could get to your projects folder by just typing cd projects from wherever you were. As long as the current directory didn't contain a "projects" folder, you'd be taken to your folder at ~/Documents/projects. The pushd command should obey the CDPATH as well, but I haven't tested it in a while.

Vladimir • Jul 3 '20

Hello Jimmy,
thanks for article.
Please check the code in the CD Aliases section. There are missing the &&.
The correct code should be:

alias ..="cd .. && clear && ls"
alias ...="cd ../.. && clear && ls"
alias ....="cd ../../.. && clear && ls"
alias ....="cd ../../../.. && clear && ls"

Jimmy McBride • Jul 3 '20

Thank you very much! Good catch. The changes are saved now. :)

Mehuge • Jul 8 '20

Supercharge your cd command with something like this:

function goto() { eval "$(~/bin/goto "$@")"; clear; ls; }

Then in ~/bin/goto you can put extended logic that will find where you want to go, for example

#!/bin/bash
GO() {
  if test -d "$1" ; then
    echo "builtin cd $1";
    exit 0;
  fi
}

case "$1" in
somehost) echo "ssh adf@somehost.somedomain.com" ; exit 0 ;;
work) echo "builtin cd /path/to/work/Projects"; exit 0 ;;
esac

GO "$HOME/$1"
GO "/d/dev/$1"
GO "/c/GAMES/$1"

exit 0

Finally, if you prefer to use cd rather than goto add an extra alias:

alias cd=goto

Example Usage:

cd somehost
cd myproject

Dmitry Seleznyov • Jul 8 '20

For entering frequently visited directories I really enjoy combination of

z frequently visited directories tracker
fzf command line fuzzy finder
fzf-z plugin that combines the above

Then CTRL-G dev will show me the list of all most used directories with dev in their name sorted by the usage frequency. Hitting enter with enter the directory.

Andy Anderson • Jul 18 '20

Great idea, Jimmy! I’ve used aliases with pushd/popd for decades, actually, but never thought to include an automatic ls on the end. For example:

alias ,=pushd

This uses one other nice feature of pushd — by itself it swaps the top two items on the directory stack! So you can quickly go back and forth between two directories with a single comma.

Including && ls at the end of this, though, prevents applying it in general, as any trailing file/directory arguments are picked up by the ls. But if you instead use a shell function:

function , { pushd $1 && clear && ls; }

it works both with and without an argument.

Also, if you don’t mind occasionally typing out source, you can repurpose . :

alias .=popd

I’m using . here because it’s next to ,, it signals finality, and there really aren’t any other punctuation keys available without shift that aren’t interpreted by the shell for something else 😀

I really like the .. idea, though I doubt I would use more than one level very often. One other suggestion I would make is to perhaps provide a variant,

alias ,,="pushd .. && clear && ls"

to add the parent directory to the directory stack.

Finally, sometimes I want to remind myself of the current directory stack, which is displayed with dirs. Again, being short on punctuation keys but given this is not that common, I can alias it to ,., which is in keeping with the rest of these options:

alias ,.=dirs

Alex Martelli • Jul 7 '20

A small typo in:
alias ..="cd .. && clear && ls"
alias ...="cd ../.. && clear && ls"
alias ....="cd ../../.. && clear && ls"
alias ....="cd ../../../.. && clear && ls"
the 4th alias is identical to the 3rd one, so will over-write it; I imagine you meant the 4th alias to be five dots, not just four like the 3rd one.

Jimmy McBride • Jul 7 '20

Fixed! Thank you!

Rui Rei • Jul 8 '20

Good post :)

While I recognize the value in setting up custom aliases, IMHO, fzf (github.com/junegunn/fzf) is all I need. I can type like a raging lunatic monkey and most of the time it still guesses what I actually wanted to type. fzf changed my life!

John Lynch • Jul 8 '20

Make aliases more easily:

#!/bin/bash
# Quickly make a persistent alias
echo "alias $1='$2'" >> ~/.bash_aliases
. ~/.bash_aliases

Jimmy McBride • Jul 9 '20

This is leet af! I'm stealing this for sure.

Gabriel Porras • Jul 15 '20

These are my aliases and adding yours... Very cool recommendations. Thanks

alias la="ls -lart"  or  la="ls -lrt"
alias e="exit"

Benoit de Chezelles • Oct 31 '20

Hey, instead of typing e or exit, you can do Ctrl-d, it will do the same as exit in almost all cli apps!

Basically Ctrl-d sends a special control character to the application, saying "there is nothing left to read!" which will usually close the cli app.

Antonio • Jul 8 '20

Greaaaaaaat!!!! pushd is just amazing! I will miss typing cd on my terminal from now on. Thanks!

Piyush Kumar Baliyan • Jul 3 '20

I love aliases, laziness converted to productivity hacks.
Here is my implementation of common git shortcuts, along with some common patterns using bash functions.

Enforce git messages format without throwing everyone off?

Piyush Kumar Baliyan ・ Jul 2 '20 ・ 3 min read

#git #bash #github #productivity

Jimmy McBride • Jul 3 '20

I didn't know you could do git aliases like that. Really cool stuff. Thanks for sharing! 🔥

Elior Boukhobza • Jul 13 '20

I've been using autojump for mac/unix for a while now. Just using j <part of the dir> and it "teleports" you automatically to your last recent places. The only thing needed is to cd at least once to the repository.

Stephen Charles Weiss • Jul 8 '20

I have this little function in my .zshrc which is pretty convenient:

# up is a composable version of 'cd ..' taking a numeric argument. if one is passed (e.g., `up 3`, the result is `cd ../../../`)
# taken from here: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9869231
function up {
        if [[ "$#" < 1 ]] ; then
            cd ..
        else
            CDSTR=""
            for i in {1..$1} ; do
                CDSTR="../$CDSTR"
            done
            cd $CDSTR
        fi
    }

John Betong • Jul 8 '20

My favourite is the humble *

instead of:
cd /var/www/this-is-a-test-to-see-if-it-works.tk
pwd
$ /var/www/this-is-a-test-to-see-if-it-works.tk

try this instead:
cd /var/www/this-*
pwd
$ /var/www/this-is-a-test-to-see-if-it-works.tk

bimlas • Jul 8 '20

This shell script could be handy if you want to jump to a specified directory to execute only a single command: github.com/bimlas/bash-mosh

For developers who running the same command in different directories repeatedly, Mosh is a productivity tool that saves time by executing the command without having to change the directory. Unlike other similar tools, Mosh does not bound to a certain software (like Git for example), it can execute any shell command. It works on any Bash-compitable shell (Bash, Zsh, Git Bash on Windows, etc.).

Mateus Vahl • Jul 9 '20

If you are using ohmyszsh: github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh/tree/ma...
pj my-project for opening my-project
pjo my-project for open the project with yout $EDITOR

cbloss • Jul 8 '20

Had no idea about &&! Great tip. Thanks!

Karina Macedo Varela • Jul 21 '20

Lovely tips, thanks a lot!

Mark Blakeney • Jul 18 '20

More than 10 years ago I wrote github.com/bulletmark/cdhist which I use probably 100 times per day. I don't know how the rest of you get by without it!