Manual Testing:
- It's a type of testing that involves validation and requirements of an application by executing it using a set of test cases that are tested manually without using any automated tool. 2.Manual testing aims to identify software application bugs,issues,and defects. 3.It is the most primitive technique of all the testing types which helps to find the critical bugs in the application.
The types of manual testing are:
1.whitebox testing:
This testing is performed at the unit level and is also known as clear box,structural and glass box testing.
In this type of testing,the testers will use the programming skills to design the test case.
2.Black box testing:
Black box testing can be applied to all levels of the testing.That is like integration,unit,acceptance and system testing.
Here the testers access the functionality of the software
application.
3.Acceptance testing:
It is also known as pre-production testing.
Along with testers,end users perform testing for validating the functionality of the application.
After completing the testing successfully,a formal testing is conducted to decide whether the application is built according to the requirement.
4.Unit testing:
It is also known as component testing or module testing.
it is carried out to verify whether the particular module or unit peice of code is working properly or not.
it is usually performed by the developers.
5.System testing:
It verifies the entire system to ensure that the application works as planned.
It is the process of testing a completely integrated application and its defined requirements,also known as end-to-end testing.
6.Integration testing:
It is the mechanism of testing the software between the two software modules.
It is done by various approaches called the top-down approach,Bottom-up approach,and the big-bang approach.
The Benefits and drawbacks of manual testing:
Benefits:
1.It detects almost every bug and issues of the software application.
2.Testers can access visual components like layout,and text,and also identify the UI and UX issues
3.If we are making any changes to the application so that it can be adopted easily.
4.As we do not use any high-level language or any type of tools,it will be a low-cost operation.
Drawbacks:
1.The primary disadvantage is,that it is time-consuming.
2.It is not easy to discover the size difference between GUI objects.
3.Regression test cases are time-consuming.
4.Performance and load testing are impossible.
A Simple example of manual testing would be login screen-we could test quite a few scenarios that are enlisted below:
1.checking if Both username and password are entered and not blank.
2.Verifying if screen navigates to next page incase valid login credentials are provided.
3.Incase of invalid login,ensure system doesn't navigates further,but display error message.
4.checking the maximum possible length of login and password fields.
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