Ruby Exception handling

Table of contents

• Basic Syntax
• Relevant methods
• Ensure
• Retry
• Rescue modifier
• Exception in methods
• Multiple Exceptions
• Custom Exception

Basic Syntax

The basic syntax of ruby's exception handling looks like this.

begin 
  # Code that potentially raises an error  
rescue => e # variable
  # Execute if there was an error between begin and rescue.
end

Example

begin 
  raise 
rescue => e
  p e #=> RuntimeError
end

Relevant methods

Method	Explanation
Object#class	Returns the class of the receiver.
Kernel#raise	Raise an error.
Exception#backtrace	Returns the backtrace of the error.
Exception#message	Returns the error message.

Example

begin 
  raise StandardError.new("Message")
rescue => e
  p e.class #=> StandardError
  p e.message #=> "Message"
  p e.backtrace #=> ["(repl):4:in `<main>'", "/run_dir/repl.rb:41:in `eval'", "/run_dir/repl.rb:41:in `run'", "/run_dir/repl.rb:57:in `handle_eval'", "/run_dir/repl.rb:170:in `start'", "/run_dir/repl.rb:177:in `start'", "/run_dir/repl.rb:181:in `<main>'"]
end

Ensure

You can run something regardless of the existence of an error with ensure

Example

begin 
  "no Error"
rescue => e
  p e.message
ensure 
  p "Ensured" #=> Ensured
end

Example2

begin 
  raise StandardError.new('error')
rescue => e
  p e.message #=> error
ensure 
  p "Ensured" #=> Ensured
end

Retry

Literally re-try the execution.

Example

file = ARGV[0]

begin
  # Open a file.
  io = File.open( file )
rescue
  # If there was an error during opening the file, this part gets executed.

  sleep( 10 )
  # Goes back to begin and re-try the execution.
  retry
end

Rescue modifier

You can write begin ~ rescue in one sentence just like if ~ end in Ruby.

Example

raise "Error" rescue p "rescued" #=> rescued

Exception in methods

You don't need to write begin and end to do exception handling in methods.

Example

def method
 raise 'error'
 rescue => e 
  p e.message #=> error
 ensure
  p 'ensured' #=> ensured
end
method #=> "error"

Multiple Exceptions

You can write rescue multiple times for each corresponding error.

begin 
  rescue Exception1, Exception2 => e
  # For Exception1 or Exception2
  rescue Exception3 => e
  # For Exception3
  rescue => e
   # For other errors.
end

Example

begin 
  raise StandardError
  rescue StandardError, RangeError   
    p 'Standard or Ranage Error'
  rescue RuntimeError
    p 'Runtime Error'
  rescue => e
    p 'some other error'
end

#=> "Standard or Ranage Error"

Custom Exception

Simply Follow the steps below.

(1) Make a new Class

class CustomError < StandardError
end

(2) Add a message

class CustomError < StandardError
  def initialize(msg="My Error")
    super
  end
end

(3) Add custom data attributes to your exception

class CustomError < StandardError
  attr_reader :atr
  def initialize(msg="My Error", atr="atrribute")
    @atr = atr
    super(msg)
  end
end

Example

class CustomError < StandardError
  attr_reader :atr

  def initialize(msg="My Error", atr="atrribute")
    @atr = atr
    super(msg)
  end
end


begin
  raise CustomError.new("CustomMessage", "Custom Attribute")
rescue => e
  p e.message #=> "CustomMessage"
  p e.atr  #=> "Custom Attribute"
end

References

• Custom exceptions in Ruby - Honeybadger Developer Blog

Comments

[The20Co]

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[Coderzpro]

In ruby, exception managing is a technique which describes a way to deal with the error raised in a software. Here ENGLISH LANGUAGE PROGRAM , error manner an unwanted or unexpected event, which takes place at some stage in the execution of a program, i.E. At run time, that disrupts the regular waft of this system’s instructions. So those sorts of errors have been handled via the rescue block.

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