There are different interfaces provided by Java that allows you to modify TestNG behaviour. These interfaces are further known as TestNG Listeners in Selenium WebDriver. TestNG Listeners also allows you to customize the tests logs or report according to your project requirements.
TestNG Listeners in Selenium WebDriver are modules that listens to certain events and keep track of test execution while performing some action at every stage of test execution.
This is a TestNG tutorial, where I will help you realize the different TestNG listeners with examples so you could use them proficiently the next time you plan to work with Selenium automation with TestNG.
TestNG Listeners in Selenium WebDriver can be implemented at two levels:
Class level: In this, you implement listeners for each particular class no matter how much test cases it includes.
Suite level: In this, you implement listeners for a particular suite which includes several classes as test cases.
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Types of TestNG Listeners In Selenium WebDriver
There are numerous TestNG listeners in Selenium WebDriver, some of them are used very frequently by the testing community & some are almost forgotten. In this TestNG tutorial, I will demonstrate the most popular TestNG listeners with examples but before that, let me enlist the various TestNG listeners in Selenium WebDriver.
ITestListener
IAnnotationTransformer
IInvokedMethodListener
ISuiteListener
IReporter
IConfigurable
IExecutionListener
IHookable
IMethodInterceptor
IConfigurationListener
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Frequently Used TestNG Listeners With Examples
Now, in this TestNG tutorial, let’s us first look into the most popular & widely used TestNG listeners with examples.
1. ITestListener
ITestListener is the most adopted TestNG listener in Selenium WebDriver. Providing you with an easy to implement interface through a normal Java class, where the class overrides every method declared inside the ITestListener. By using this TestNG listener in Selenium WebDriver, you can change the default behaviour of your test by adding different events to the methods. It also defines a new way of logging or reporting.
Following are some methods provided by this interface:
onStart: This method is invoked before any test method gets executed. This can be used to get the directory from where the tests are running.
onFinish: This method is invoked after all tests methods gets executed. This can be used to store information of all the tests that were run.
onTestStart: This method is invoked before any tests method is invoked. This can be used to indicate that the particular test method has been started.
onTestSkipped: This method is invoked when each test method is skipped. This can be used to indicate that the particular test method has been skipped.
onTestSuccess: This method is invoked when any test method gets succeeded. This can be used to indicate that the particular test method has successfully finished its execution.
onTestFailure: This method is invoked when any test method gets failed. This can be used to indicate that the particular test method has been failed. You can create an event of taking a screenshot which would show where the test has been failed.
onTestFailedButWithinSuccessPercentage: This method is invoked each time the test method fails but is within the success percentage mentioned. To implement this method, we use two attributes as a parameter of TestNG annotations i.e. successPercentage and invocationCount. The success percentage takes the value of success percentage and invocation count denotes the number of times that a particular test method would execute.
For example: @test(successPercentage=60, invocationCount=5), in this annotation success percentage is 60% and invocation count is 5, that means out of 5 times if at least 3 times ((⅗)*100= 60) the test method gets passed, it would be considered as passed.
For every ITestListener method we usually pass the following arguments:
- “ITestResult” interface along with its instance “result” which describes the result of a test.
Note: If you want to trace your exception through ITestResult then you need to avoid try/catch handling.
“ITestContext” interface along with its instance “context” which describes the test context containing all the information of the given test run.
Now, in this TestNG tutorial for listeners, we will take a basic example code for running the test at the class level. Logs would get generated at a console and it would help you understanding which tests passed, failed and skipped.
The first class(ListentersBlog.java) would contain all the methods implemented by ITestListener interface:
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.ITestListener;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
public class ListenersBlog implements ITestListener {
public void onTestStart(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("New Test Started" +result.getName());
}
public void onTestSuccess(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test Successfully Finished" +result.getName());
}
public void onTestFailure(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test Failed" +result.getName());
}
public void onTestSkipped(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test Skipped" +result.getName());
}
public void onTestFailedButWithinSuccessPercentage(ITestResult result) {
System.out.println("Test Failed but within success percentage" +result.getName());
}
public void onStart(ITestContext context) {
System.out.println("This is onStart method" +context.getOutputDirectory());
}
public void onFinish(ITestContext context) {
System.out.println("This is onFinish method" +context.getPassedTests());
System.out.println("This is onFinish method" +context.getFailedTests());
}
}
Below is the code that includes the tests methods(TestNGListenersTest.java). Make sure you add a Listeners annotation just above your class name to implement the above added methods.
Syntax: @Listeners(PackageName.ClassName.class)
package TestNgListeners;
import org.openqa.selenium.By;
import org.openqa.selenium.WebDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.chrome.ChromeDriver;
import org.testng.SkipException;
import org.testng.annotations.Listeners;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import junit.framework.Assert;
[@Listeners](http://twitter.com/Listeners)(TestNgListeners.ListenersBlog.class)
public class TestNGListenersTest {
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test) //Passing Test
public void sampleTest1() throws InterruptedException
{
System.setProperty("webdriver.chrome.driver", "C:\\Users\\Lenovo-I7\\Desktop\\Selenium\\chromedriver.exe");
WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();
driver.get("[https://www.apple.com/](https://www.apple.com/)");
driver.manage().window().maximize();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("//*[[@id](http://twitter.com/id)=\'ac-globalnav\']/div/ul[2]/li[3]")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.cssSelector("#chapternav > div > ul > li.chapternav-item.chapternav-item-ipad-air > a")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Why iPad")).click();
Thread.sleep(2000);
driver.quit();
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test) //Failing Test
public void sampleTest2() throws InterruptedException
{
System.out.println("Forcely Failed Test Method");
Assert.assertTrue(false);
}
private int i = 0;
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)(successPercentage = 60, invocationCount = 5) //Test Failing But Within Success Percentage
public void sampleTest3() {
i++;
System.out.println("Test Failed But Within Success Percentage Test Method, invocation count: " + i);
if (i == 1 || i == 2) {
System.out.println("sampleTest3 Failed");
Assert.assertEquals(i, 6);
}
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test) //Skipping Test
public void sampleTest4()
{
throw new SkipException("Forcely skipping the sampleTest4");
}
}
Console Output Screen:
Now, suppose you have multiple classes in your project, then adding TestNG Listeners in Selenium WebDriver to each class might be a pain. In such cases, you can create a test suite and add Listeners tag to your suite(xml file) instead of adding Listeners to each class.
Here is the example code(testng.xml) for running the test at the suite level :
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "[http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd](http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd)">
<suite name="TestNG Listeners Suite" parallel="false">
<listeners>
<listener class-name="TestNgListeners.ListenersBlog" />
</listeners>
<test name="Test">
<classes>
<class name="TestNgListeners.TestNGListenersTest" />
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
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2. IAnnotationTransformer
IAnnotationTransformer is an interface that provides a method “transform” which would get invoked by TestNG to modify the behaviour of Test annotation method in our test class.
The transform method provides various parameters:
annotation: The annotation that would get read from the test class.
testClass: If the annotation found on a class, this parameter would represent that same class.
testConstructor: If the annotation found on a constructor, this parameter would represent that same constructor.
testMethod: If the annotation found on a method, this parameter would represent that same method.
Note: At least one of the parameters will be non-null.
Below is the sample code that would be executed at the suite level. In this code, we have used a parameter “alwaysRun = true” in our Test annotation that indicates that the test method would always run even if the parameters on which the method depends fails. However, we would transform this behaviour of our test method through IAnnotationTransformer Listener which won’t allow the particular test method to get executed.
Listeners Class File:
package TestNgListeners;
import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
import java.lang.reflect.Method;
import org.testng.IAnnotationTransformer;
import org.testng.annotations.ITestAnnotation;
public class AnnotationTransformers implements IAnnotationTransformer {
public boolean isTestRunning(ITestAnnotation ins)
{
if(ins.getAlwaysRun())
{
return true;
}
return false;
}
public void transform(ITestAnnotation annotation, Class testClass, Constructor testConstructor, Method testMethod) {
if(isTestRunning(annotation))
{
annotation.setEnabled(false);
}
}
}
Test Class File:
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.annotations.Listeners;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class AnnotationTransformerTests {
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)(alwaysRun=true)
public void test1()
{
System.out.println("This is my first test whose behaviour would get changed while executing");
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void test2()
{
System.out.println("This is my second test executing");
}
}
Console Output Screen:
3. IInvokedMethodListener
This interface allows you to perform some action before and after a method has been executed. This listener gets invoked for configuration and test methods. This TestNG listener in Selenium WebDriver works same as the ITestListerner and the ISuiteListerner. However, there is a difference that you should make a note of & that is, in IInvokedMethodListener, it makes the call before and after every method.
There are two methods to be implemented:
beforeInvocation(): This method is invoked prior every method.
afterInvocation(): This method is invoked post every method.
Here is sample code for this listener, implemented at class level.
InvokedMethodListeners.java(includes listeners implemented methods)
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.IInvokedMethod;
import org.testng.IInvokedMethodListener;
import org.testng.ITestResult;
public class InvokedMethodListeners implements IInvokedMethodListener {
public void beforeInvocation(IInvokedMethod method, ITestResult testResult) {
System.out.println("Before Invocation of: " + method.getTestMethod().getMethodName() + "of Class:" + testResult.getTestClass());
}
public void afterInvocation(IInvokedMethod method, ITestResult testResult) {
System.out.println("After Invocation of: " + method.getTestMethod().getMethodName() + "of Class:" + testResult.getTestClass());
}
}
File Name: InvokedMethodListenersTest.java (includes configuration and test methods)
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterClass;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeClass;
import org.testng.annotations.Listeners;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
[@Listeners](http://twitter.com/Listeners)(value=InvokedMethodListeners.class)
public class InvokedMethodListenersTest {
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void test1()
{
System.out.println("My first test");
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void test2()
{
System.out.println("My second test");
}
[@BeforeClass](http://twitter.com/BeforeClass)
public void setUp() {
System.out.println("Before Class method");
}
[@AfterClass](http://twitter.com/AfterClass)
public void cleanUp() {
System.out.println("After Class method");
}
}
Console Output Screen:
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4. ISuiteListener
This TestNG listener in Selenium WebDriver is implemented at a suite level called ISuiteListener. It has 2 methods:
onStart: This method is invoked prior the test suite execution.
onFinish: This method is invoked post the test suite execution.
This listener basically listen to the events to have occurred before and after the execution of the suite.If the parent suite further contains child suites then child suites are executed before running the parent suite.
Step 1: Implementing ISuiteListener with normal java class and adding the unimplemented methods.
Class: SuiteListeners
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.ISuite;
import org.testng.ISuiteListener;
public class SuiteListeners implements ISuiteListener {
public void onStart(ISuite suite) {
System.out.println("Suite executed onStart" + suite.getName());
}
public void onFinish(ISuite suite) {
System.out.println("Suite executed onFinish" + suite.getName());
}
}
Step 2: Creating two test classes to be added in two different child suites.
Class 1: SuiteListenersTests1
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class SuiteListenersTests1 {
[@BeforeSuite](http://twitter.com/BeforeSuite)
public void test1()
{
System.out.println("BeforeSuite method in Suite1");
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void test2()
{
System.out.println("Main Test method 1");
}
[@AfterSuite](http://twitter.com/AfterSuite)
public void test3()
{
System.out.println("AfterSuite method in Suite1");
}
}
Class 2: SuiteListenersTests2
package TestNgListeners;
import org.testng.annotations.AfterSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.BeforeSuite;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
public class SuiteListenersTests2 {
[@BeforeSuite](http://twitter.com/BeforeSuite)
public void test1()
{
System.out.println("BeforeSuite method in Suite2");
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void test2()
{
System.out.println("Main Test method 2");
}
[@AfterSuite](http://twitter.com/AfterSuite)
public void test3()
{
System.out.println("AfterSuite method in Suite2");
}
}
Step 3: Adding the test classes to the child suites.
Suite 1: Test Suite One.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "[http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd](http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd)">
<suite name="Test Suite One">
<test name="Test Method1">
<classes>
<class name="TestNgListeners.SuiteListenersTests1"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
Suite 2: Test Suite Two.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "[http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd](http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd)">
<suite name="Test Suite Two">
<test name="Test Method2">
<classes>
<class name="TestNgListeners.SuiteListenersTests2"/>
</classes>
</test>
</suite>
Step 4: Creating a parent suite xml file that would combine other 2 defined suites along with the listeners class.
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE suite SYSTEM "[http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd](http://testng.org/testng-1.0.dtd)">
<suite name="suiteListener">
<listeners>
<listener class-name="TestNgListeners.SuiteListeners"></listener>
</listeners>
<suite-files>
<suite-file path="./Suite1.xml"> </suite-file>
<suite-file path="./Suite2.xml"> </suite-file>
</suite-files>
</suite>
Console Output Screen:
5. IReporter
This TestNG listener in Selenium WebDriver provides an interface which helps you to customize the test report generated by TestNG. It provides generateReport method which would get invoked after execution of all the suites. The method further contains three parameters:
xmlSuite: it provides you with a list of multiple suites presented in the testng xml file that goes under execution.
suites: This object represents a great deal of information about the classes, packages, test execution result, along with all the test methods. Basically, it represents detailed information around the suite after the final execution.
outputDirectory: contains the output folder path where the report gets generated.
Below is the example of IReporterer listener at suite level.
File Name :ReporterListener.java
package TestNgListener;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import org.testng.IReporter;
import org.testng.ISuite;
import org.testng.ISuiteResult;
import org.testng.ITestContext;
import org.testng.xml.XmlSuite;
public class ReporterListener implements IReporter {
public void generateReport(List xmlSuites, List suites, String outputDirectory) {
for(ISuite isuite : suites)
{
Map<string, isuiteresult=""> suiteResults = isuite.getResults();
String sn = isuite.getName();
for(ISuiteResult obj : suiteResults.values())
{
ITestContext tc = obj.getTestContext();
System.out.println("Passed Tests of" + sn + "=" + tc.getPassedTests().getAllResults().size());
System.out.println("Failed Tests of" + sn + "=" + tc.getFailedTests().getAllResults().size());
System.out.println("Skipped Tests of" + sn + "=" + tc.getSkippedTests().getAllResults().size());
}
}
}
}
</string,>
File Name: ReporterTest.java
package TestNgListener;
import org.testng.SkipException;
import org.testng.annotations.Listeners;
import org.testng.annotations.Test;
import junit.framework.Assert;
public class ReporterTest {
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void FirstTest()
{
System.out.println("The First Test Method");
Assert.assertTrue(true);
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void SecondTest()
{
System.out.println("The Second Test Method");
Assert.fail("Failing this test case");
}
[@Test](http://twitter.com/Test)
public void ThirdTest()
{
System.out.println("The Third Test Method");
throw new SkipException("Test Skipped");
}
}
Console Output Screen:
Not So Frequently Used TestNG Listeners In Selenium WebDriver
In this section, I will be highlighting those TestNG listeners which are not so renowned as the ones discussed in the previous section. I have avoided the practical demonstration of these TestNG listeners with their examples as they are rarely used. I will, however, help you understand their purpose.
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6. IConfigurationListener
This TestNG listener in Selenium WebDriver is used to create an event only when the configuration method is passed, failed or skipped.
Below are the unimplemented methods provided by this listener:
onConfigurationSuccess: It gets invoked when the configuration method gets succeeded.
onConfigurationFailure: It gets invoked when the configuration method gets failed.
onConfigurationSkip: As the name suggests, when your configuration method is skipped, it calls for onConfigurationSkip method.
7. IExecutionListener
This listener is used to keep track when the test or suite run start and finish. It provides two methods:
onExecutionStart: It is invoked before the suite or test starts running.
onExecutionFinish: It is invoked after the suite or test gets executed.
Note: It is not possible for this listener to prevent the execution but only to create events in some way. Also, you can provide more than one “IExecution” listener as you configure TestNG.
8. IHookable
This interface skips the invocation of test methods and provides a run method which gets invoked instead of each @test method found. The test method is then invoked once the callBack() method of the IHookCallBack parameter is called.
IHookable listener is utilized when you wish to perform testing on classes which require JAAS authentication. This can be used to set permissions i.e. for whom the test method should run and when the test method should get skipped.
9. IMethodInterceptor
→To return the list of IMethodInstance, post-execution of TestNG.
→ To sort the list of test methods.
TestNG would execute the tests methods in the same order defined in the returned value.
IMethodInterceptor interface includes only one method to implement “intercept” which returns the modified list of test methods.
Example: One of the test methods SampleTestOne is to test the logs, so we grouped it in “LogCheck”.
Now, suppose we only want to run the LogCheck grouped tests and not the other tests, so, we have to provide an IMethodInterceptor listener that can eliminate the other tests and return only LogCheck grouped tests.
10. IConfigurable
The ICongurable listener is somewhat similar to IHookable listener. This interface skips the invocation of test methods and provides a run method which gets invoked instead of each configuration method found. The configuration method is then invoked once the callBack() method of the IConfigureCallBack parameter is called.
Which TestNG Listeners In Selenium WebDriver Do You Use The Most?
I hope this TestNG tutorial, helped you to realize which TestNG listeners are most suitable for your project requirements. Regarding the rarely used TestNG listeners, if there are any specific TestNG listener in Selenium that you find highly useful then feel free to share them in the comment section below. Also, if you have any questions related to the article, let me know. I look forward to your replies. Happy testing! 🙂
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