Statistical power is the probability that a statistical test will detect an effect when that effect truly exists. Researchers commonly plan studies using a target power, significance level, and expected effect size.
A power analysis sample size calculator can help researchers explore the sample-size requirements of a planned statistical test.
For reproducible research, document the assumptions used in the calculation, including the expected effect size and selected test. This makes the planning process easier to review and explain in a methodology chapter.
Thoughtful sample-size planning is an important step toward reliable statistical analysis.
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