I never realised that I had lost some of my passion for development until Vue.js came along. I'm still learning, but it has made coding fun again for me. I've played with it on and off for a little while, and now I'm working on building my own website from scratch again using Vue.
One of the hardest things to get my head around was the project structure. It's something not very many tutorials cover. Eventually I pieced it together, and came across my next problem. SCSS.
I couldn't find a lot of information on how people usually handle their use of global styles, and also styles within each component. I had an idea of how I wanted to do it, but no idea how to actually achieve it. If you're in a similar situation, I hope this article helps in some way.
So here's how I create a Vue CLI 3 app from scratch...
Creating the app
Assuming you have Vue CLI 3 installed, run the following command in the terminal to launch the Vue Project Manager in your browser.
vue ui
If you don't have it installed yet, here is the documentation you need.
To create an app, simply click the create button at the top of the screen in the Vue Project Manager. This will then take you through various steps which you would normally have to do in the terminal, and allow you to save your settings as a preset. Handy!
For my projects I tend to choose the following options:
- Package manager: Yarn
- Preset: Manual (for the first project)
- Features: Babel, Router, CSS Pre-processors, Linter/Formatter
- History mode: on
- Pre-processor: SCSS/SASS
- Linter/Formatter: ESLint + Prettier (Lint on save)
Then click Create Project and it will create your app. You should now have a basic Vue.js project. You can run this by going to the tasks tab in the Vue Project Manager and clicking on serve to launch your site locally.
Setting up our styles
First of all, create a folder within the src folder named styles. This is where we will store all of our SCSS for the app. In this folder, create a file that will be used for your global styles e.g. global.scss
In the Vue Project Manager, go to the Plugins tab and click on the Add plugin button. We want to install a plugin called vue-cli-plugin-style-resources-loader.
Once this has installed, it will add a file to the root of your project called vue.config.js
Go to vue.config.js and add the following code, replacing the stylesheet name/path with whatever you have named your scss file for your global styles.
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
pluginOptions: {
"style-resources-loader": {
preProcessor: "scss",
patterns: [path.resolve(__dirname, "./src/styles/global.scss")]
}
}
};
Now, all of the styles from global.scss will be available across the project and within components. Normally my SCSS file structure looks something like this to begin with:
I have basic rich text styles within _base.scss, and variables, typography, etc are all stored in their respective folders as partials. These are then imported into the global stylesheet like this:
@import "setup/normalize.scss";
@import "setup/typography.scss";
@import "setup/variables.scss";
@import "setup/mixins.scss";
@import "basics/base.scss";
@import "basics/layout.scss";
@import "basics/links.scss";
@import "basics/buttons.scss";
I also have a folder within the styles directory for components. Each component I create in Vue will have it's own scss partial. A useful feature of Vue.js is that you can add styles within the Vue component file, and these can be scoped so that they will only render if that specific component is rendered on the page.
Now that we're all set up, adding styles to a component is easy. Here is how it would look in my component Example.vue
<template>
<div>
<h1>I am a component!</h1>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: Example
}
</script>
<style lang="scss" scoped>
@import "../styles/components/example.scss";
</style>
Inside the _example.scss file you would have access to all the variables/typography/mixins and anything else you have added in your global styles. You could also write it out inside the style tag like this, with $c-title being our global variable name for the title colour:
<style lang="scss" scoped>
h1 {
color: $c-title;
}
</style>
However, I prefer to keep all of the styles in one place overall (the styles folder & sub folders), with the file names named the same as the component itself. This makes it easier to find and for other people to work with.
This has been a long(ish) article, so if you've made it this far, thanks for reading! I hope this helps in some way. Have fun with your Vue projects and create something awesome!
Top comments (55)
Nice article :), however I was wondering if it could generate again and again all the styles called in global.scss each time a component has a
<style scoped>. For exemple, the normalize.scss would be appended multiple time in the final file.At least it seems to be the case when I replicate the exemple.
Here the compiled result:
Or maybe this architecture should only be used with variables, mixins, functions ?
Hey Allan, great question!
My thinking around this was that inside the global.scss, it would only really import variables and mixins / placeholders - basically anything that the scoped components might need to reference or need access to.
You could probably also just list those files in the config, instead of creating a global.scss file - I just preferred it that way.
You bring up a good point, I think a good way of tackling this would be to have just variables and things that your components need to reference in the vue config file, and then any other 'global' styles such as basic html / body / normalize files could be imported into your layout / wrapper vue file.
What do you think?
Yes, I ended up with this solution so far :).
I created an
import.scssfor all my variables and mixins / placeholders used with thestyle-resources-loaderplugin, and imported the global css part with a simple import in my main.js file.I think it give the best of both worlds if you want to write style scoped and also use some general (unscoped) style like a reset, normalize, general UI, etc.
Great! Yeah that is always the case for me, I always have sort of base styles that apply globally, but I want to scope all my components. So doing it this way works perfectly :)
Hey Allan and Lynne, Sorry, kinda lost here :) Can you explain what you did to solve this? Especially with the
import.scssfileAlthough, I think maybe importing the
global.scssfile inApp.vuemight also be a good solution?Hi Emmanuel, the import.scss file should just have things like variables and mixins that the other files will need access to. If you don't use the plugin to serve the variables etc, you can't access them and use them within other components.
So basically, from your example. Everything imported in the
global.scssfile is available to use in all the components?Awesome post Lynne. This helped me clean up way too many double imports.
Emmanuel, I was a little confused too.
For the stylesheet that you call into
vue.config.jsonly importmixinsandvariables(no style selectors/rules).Call other
global.scss(declared rules and stuff) elsewhere, likemain.jsor a parent app likeApp.vue.Any style rules imported to a stylesheet through
vue.config.jswill import again for each component that uses it.Dammit, this is what I have been searching for. Thank you so much for writing this.
Question: Can you give a brief description of each of the folders in the style directory?
Also, you mentioned that the
example.scssfile would have access to other files like typography, etc but you didn't show how? I want to assume it happens by default?Thanks :)
The folders in the style directory are just the way I normally organise things and they are fairly self-explanatory from the names. The Views folder contains partials for styles relating to views. Basics contains things like basic rich text styles, links, buttons, etc. Setup is things like variables mixins, and functions. And components would be the styles for each component.
The point of the article is that you need to use the plugin in order to make things like the variables available in other scss files. So if you had a global.scss file setup in the config using the plugin, inside global.scss you would import any scss partials you need to be available across the whole site/app.
Then in the example component I created, example.scss would just have your styles for that component, but the point is that you can use variables within it because they are served globally.
Okay, what about access to other styles like the button or typography. Sorry, but I'm a little bit confused. since the way you are explaining it, you are only making reference to the variable styles.
Nice article :)!
I'm new to vue 3 and vue UI. I personally think that Vue 3 should add the required SCSS Loader plugin when you select it and create a standard style folder and some default files. I really appreciate your article! It filled in some gaps. I'm not a web developer, until the last year and then only really looking at all the new frameworks like; AngularJS, Angular, React, Preact, etc. I think Vue 3 has a lot going for it over vuejs. However, Seems like the Documentation for vue 3 needs to improve some. What a lot of articles lack are fine details that beginner would need. A lot of students and others moving over to web programming need every detail possible. I think it would be great if this article has some of your sample files contents to show what a basic scss file looks like and the structure inside your files global.scss. Thanks again! Great Job!!
Thanks! I never really thought about the official docs before but I guess it is lacking in terms of how to structure/set up styles. I might look into contributing to the docs :) I'm glad it helped you!
Hey Lynne, really nice job and quick response! I was tasked with creating a vue app for mobile like two weeks ago. So learning at a high rate of speed. :)
I'm really lacking in knowledge of css and scss. I have added bootstrap to my vue app. And now thanks to your article, I know i need to add my bootstrap scss files to the global.scss file as imports. However, it's blank right now.
One thing I'm trying to wrap my head around is css is cascading the css rules down but we are thing to sandbox them into each component (vue). And in the end we will combine them all into one file for deployment.
Does my assumption seem right about importing the scss file into the global.scss file? The bootstrap scss files are located under the node_modules folder in subfolders.
The way I use it, and think about it, is that anything in the global scss file applies across the whole site and this is generally things like variables, grid, layout, and basic styles. It should be styles that aren't very specific, sort of like your baseline.
For each component, when you write a scss file for it and the styles are nested inside the component class name, it shouldn't affect anything else other than that one component. This is what makes it modular.
In your component scss file, you might want to overwrite something that has been set in the global stylesheet, and that's completely fine. As long as it is nested inside your component class name then it should only affect that one component.
Does that make sense?
Really good article, I followed a similar pattern on a React project recently, the only difference is I used SCSS nesting to handle the encapsulation. I've been intrigued by the import style so thanks for the reminder/motivation to have a look.
Awesome! :)
wowww, amazing, I was precisely looking for this, to use variables and mixins inside my scoped style, I'm testing using atomic design with VueJS, and this import of variables is a must have part of the solution, thank you very much \o/
No problem, I'm so glad it helps!! :)
Great article. I followed step by step and I really enjoyed this setup.
The only thing I could not make working are the scoped styles, every time I import a .scss to a component if I declare it as scoped it won't work...
Thanks for reading the article! Hmm strange, what happens? Do the styles just not show up? Do you have an example of your code for the scoped styles?
Finally I could make it work.
Yes what happened was that when I declared it as a scoped styles did not show up, but then I realized that I was importing styles twice (also from global.scss). I changed that and it worked.
Thanks again for your great post, I've read it many times as yesterday I was starting a new project and I wanted this setup for it.
Ah great, glad you got it working!
I'm happy the article has helped :) good luck with your project!
Like the article, but quick question. I am trying to create a Vue Component Library, where all of the components have a default scss variable in them, for example:
The intention is that the component will have default styling that could easily be configured/overridden when I later install my component library but override the styles in a configurable variables scss file. I can't seem to figure out on how to have the vue library's config file to accept that scss file.
Any insights?
Hi Mark, do you have a code example of the config file and where you're trying to add the scss?
I'd imagine that you could probably override based on the order you're importing the scss files into the component, but I'm not sure I understand what you're looking to do.
nice article, but i have a question.
I'm new with Vue.js. When I leave styles blank in the app.vue, and I only want to use my global.scss, my global.scss is not being compiled. Is this normal behavior?
Is there anywhere I could see your code? it's hard to tell what the issue could be without being able to see it
unfortunately thats not possible.
The problem is when my style tags in my app.vue are emtpy:
, the scss files are not compiling...
When I put anything between them, for instance:
body{line-height: 20px;}
my SCSS files are compiling...
I totally get how one could lose their passion for develop. I've been at it for decades and sometimes it gets old. You've inspired me give Vue a shot and I'm excited about getting started this weekend. Thanks!
BTW, I love that you wrote this article in Markdown.
Thanks Karl 😊
That’s great! Glad you’re going to give Vue a try, I’ve really enjoyed working with it so far. Let us know how you find it!
Why import example.scss again in components when using global import already. I like to import all my general styles in vue.conf.js, then it is available inside every component without importing anything.
The idea is that your global styles are only variables and things you need access to globally. When you import example.scss it has the attribute ‘scoped’, which means it’ll only render if that component is rendered on the page. Saves you loading a larger css file with css that isn’t being used. Hope this helps!