This case study details a security breach where attackers exploited a misconfigured Spring Boot Actuator endpoint to perform reconnaissance and harvest credentials. By accessing an exposed /configprops endpoint, the threat actors identified a SharePoint service account, which, when combined with client secrets found in an insecure plaintext spreadsheet, provided a direct path into the victim's cloud environment.
The attack highlighted the significant risk of the OAuth2 Resource Owner Password Credentials (ROPC) flow, which allows for password-only authentication that bypasses Multi-Factor Authentication (MFA). Using this legacy flow, the attackers obtained Microsoft Graph tokens to silently exfiltrate data from SharePoint Online. This incident underscores the importance of hardening application configurations and disabling legacy authentication protocols to prevent credential-based cloud breaches.
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