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Mario García
Mario García

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Deploy a MongoDB Cluster With Docker Compose

From a previous blog post, if you want to deploy a MongoDB cluster in a local development environment, you have to follow the next steps:

  • Create a Docker network 
$ docker network create mongodbCluster
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  • Create a primary node and add it to the network created before 
$ docker run -d -p 27017:27017 --name mongo1 --network mongodbCluster mongo:6 mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --bind_ip localhost,mongo1
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  • Once the primary node is created, the secondary nodes of the replica set must be created 
$ docker run -d -p 27018:27017 --name mongo2 --network mongodbCluster mongo:6 mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --bind_ip localhost,mongo2
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$ docker run -d -p 27019:27017 --name mongo3 --network mongodbCluster mongo:6 mongod --replSet myReplicaSet --bind_ip localhost,mongo3
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  • And finally, initiate the replica set 
$ docker exec -it mongo1 mongosh --eval "rs.initiate({
 _id: \"myReplicaSet\",
 members: [
   {_id: 0, host: \"mongo1\"},
   {_id: 1, host: \"mongo2\"},
   {_id: 2, host: \"mongo3\"}
 ]
})"
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You can also use Docker Compose to deploy the cluster, without having to write all the previous commands.

Through this blog post, you will learn how to use Docker Compose for deploying a MongoDB cluster with replication enabled.

Docker Compose

First, create a project directory:

$ mkdir mongodb-cluster
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Then, create a compose.yaml file with the following content:

services:
  mongo1:
    image: mongo:6
    hostname: mongo1
    container_name: mongo1
    ports:
      - 27017:27017
    entrypoint: ["mongod", "--replSet", "myReplicaSet", "--bind_ip", "localhost,mongo1"]
  mongo2:
    image: mongo:6
    hostname: mongo2
    container_name: mongo2
    ports:
      - 27018:27017
    entrypoint: ["mongod", "--replSet", "myReplicaSet", "--bind_ip", "localhost,mongo2"]
  mongo3:
    image: mongo:6
    hostname: mongo3
    container_name: mongo3
    ports:
      - 27019:27017
    entrypoint: ["mongod", "--replSet", "myReplicaSet", "--bind_ip", "localhost,mongo3"]
  mongosetup:
    image: mongo:6
    depends_on:
      - mongo1
      - mongo2
      - mongo3
    volumes:
      - ./scripts:/scripts
    restart: "no"
    entrypoint: [ "bash", "/scripts/mongo_setup.sh"]
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  1. Three services are deployed, mongo1, monogo2, mongo3, and mongosetup
  2. The mongo:6 image is used as base to create the containers
  3. Hostnames are assigned to the containers that will be part of the cluster, mongo1, monogo2, and mongo3
  4. Names are assigned to the containers, mongo1, monogo2, and mongo3
  5. Ports in the host are set, and they will redirect the requests to the ports in the containers
  6. The entrypoint option is used to specify the command that will be executed once the container is initialized
  7. The mongosetup service will create a container that is used to initiate the replica set

Once the compose.yaml file has been created, create a scripts directory, and a BASH script (mongo_setup.sh), inside that directory, with the following content:

$ mkdir scripts
$ touch scripts/mongo_setup.sh
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#!/bin/bash
sleep 10

mongosh --host mongo1:27017 <<EOF
  var cfg = {
    "_id": "myReplicaSet",
    "version": 1,
    "members": [
      {
        "_id": 0,
        "host": "mongo1:27017",
        "priority": 2
      },
      {
        "_id": 1,
        "host": "mongo2:27017",
        "priority": 0
      },
      {
        "_id": 2,
        "host": "mongo3:27017",
        "priority": 0
      }
    ]
  };
  rs.initiate(cfg);
EOF
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The above script will initiate the replica set.

Now run the following command to deploy the cluster:

$ docker compose up --wait
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Your MongoDB cluster has been deployed, and it's ready to be used. If for any reason you need to remove the cluster, just run:

$ docker compose down
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Connecting to the Replica Set

If you want to connect to the replica set via mongosh running on the host, add the following lines to the /etc/hosts:

127.0.0.1 mongo1
127.0.0.1 mongo2
127.0.0.1 mongo3
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Then run the following command:

mongosh "mongodb://localhost:27017,localhost:27018,localhost:27019/?replicaSet=myReplicaSet"
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If you're connecting from an application running in the same Docker network, use the following connection string:

mongodb://mongo1:27017,mongo2:27017,mongo3:27017/?replicaSet=myReplicaSet
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Now you're connected to the replica set.

Conclusion

Through this blog post, you learned how to deploy a MongoDB cluster with replication enabled, using Docker Compose.

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Top comments (10)

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funkycadet profile image
Eric Alaribe •

I'd like to suggest an update to the Docker Compose section where you indicated that a scripts folder should be created. Either you update the docs saying that the script should just be created directly in the project folder or you map the scripts folder under volumes like so:
volumes:

  • ./scripts:/scripts

That way, the script would actually run and the containers would be started. Thanks

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hsyn_osm_309 profile image
hsyn osm •

thanks man

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ekowbaah profile image
Ekow Baah-Nyarkoh •

what will be the connection string for the replicas

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danil_shkoda_6dda36245ef2 profile image
Danil Shkoda •

Did you get the answer ? im trying to connect with mongodb://localhost:27017,localhost:27018,localhost:27019 and nothing happen. my computer just hangs

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mattdark profile image
Mario García •

I will review the content of the post, and update as soon as possible, to answer the questions in the comments

Thread Thread
 
mattdark profile image
Mario García •

Post updated with instructions on how to connect to the replica set

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hsyn_osm_309 profile image
hsyn osm •

can we run everyting with docker compose up?

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pawel-piatkowski profile image
Paweł Piątkowski •

mongodb://localhost:27017/?directConnection=true will do the job

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khang_doan_ profile image
Khang Đoan •

what if I want to connect to the whole replica set

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jendorski profile image
Jendorski •

The mongo setup container shuts down which shuts down the rest of the services.