Operators in Python

What is Operator?

• Operators in Python are special symbols or keywords used to perform operations on variables.

Types of Operators:

• Arithmetic Operator
• Assignment Operator
• Comparison Operator
• Logical Operator
• Identity Operator
• Membership Operator
• Bitwise Operator

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Arithmetic Operator:

• Used to perform mathematical operations.

Operator	Name	Example	Result
+	Addition	10 + 5	15
-	Subtraction	10 - 5	5
*	Multiplication	10 * 5	50
/	Division	10 / 5	2.0
//	Floor Division	10 // 3	3
%	Modulus	10 % 3	1
**	Exponentiation	2 ** 3	8

Example:

a = 10
b = 3

print(a + b)
print(a-b)
print(a*b)
print(a // b)
print(a % b)
print(a ** b)

13
7
30
3
1
1000

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2. Assignment Operators

Used to assign values to variables or update their values.

Operator	Example	Equivalent
=	a = 10	Assign 10
+=	a += 5	a = a + 5
-=	a -= 5	a = a - 5
*=	a *= 5	a = a * 5
/=	a /= 5	a = a / 5
//=	a //= 5	a = a // 5
%=	a %= 5	a = a % 5
**=	a **= 2	a = a ** 2

Example:

a=10

a += 5;
print(a)

a -= 5;
print(a)

a *= 5
print(a)

a /= 5
print(a) 

15
10
50
10.0

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3. Comparison Operators

Used to compare two values. They return either True or False.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
==	Equal to	10 == 10	True
!=	Not equal to	10 != 5	True
>	Greater than	10 > 5	True
<	Less than	10 < 5	False
>=	Greater than or equal to	10 >= 10	True
<=	Less than or equal to	5 <= 10	True

Example:

a = 10
b = 5

print(a == b)  
print(a > b)   
print(a != b)  

False
True
True

4. Logical Operators

Used to combine multiple conditions.

Operator	Meaning	Example	Result
and	True if both conditions are True	True and False	False
or	True if at least one condition is True	True or False	True
not	Reverses the result	not True	False

Example:

age = 24

print(age > 18 and age < 30)  
print(age > 30 or age == 24)  
print(not age > 18)           

True
True
False

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5. Identity Operators

Used to check whether two variables refer to the same object in memory.

Operator	Meaning
is	Returns True if both variables refer to the same object.
is not	Returns True if both variables refer to different objects.

Example:

a = [10, 20]
b = a
c = [10, 20]

print(a is b)  
print(a is c)  
print(a == c)  

True
False
True

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6. Membership Operators

Used to check whether a value exists in a sequence such as a string, list or tuple.

Operator	Meaning
in	Checks whether a value exists in a sequence.
not in	Checks whether a value does not exist in a sequence.

Example:

fruits = ["apple", "banana", "orange"]

print("apple" in fruits)       
print("grapes" not in fruits)  

True
True

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7. Bitwise Operators

Used to perform operations on the binary (bit-level) representation of integers.

Operator	Name
&	AND
^	XOR
~	NOT
<<	Left Shift
>>	Right Shift

Example:

a = 5   # 0101
b = 3   # 0011

print(a & b)   
print(a | b)   
print(a ^ b)  
print(a << 1)  
print(a >> 1) 

1
7
6
10
2

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