Data normalization is a method of storing information in a database in an organized, non-redundant, and consistent way. The logic is simple: instead of storing the same information in multiple places, keep the data in one place and link it to other tables. This ensures data consistency and avoids unnecessary storage.
📌 Example: Suppose in an Orders table, the customer name, address, and phone number are repeated for every order. This table is not normalized. By applying normalization, we move customer information to a separate Customers table. Now, each customer’s data is stored only once, and the Orders table links to it using the customer ID.
✅ This way:
Data consistency improves: updates are done in a single place ✅
Storage space is saved ✅
Queries become faster and management easier ✅
💡 The essence of the logic:
“Each piece of data should be stored only once; repeating data should be linked through separate tables.”
📌 Extra tip: Normalization is usually done in steps like 1NF, 2NF, 3NF. However, in some cases, controlled denormalization is preferred for performance reasons.
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