Originally published on AI Tech Connect.
What you need to know Every team building on LLMs eventually hits the same request: "summarise this". A 400-page due-diligence pack for a Mumbai acquisition, a year of board minutes for a London scale-up, a regulator's consultation with 600 pages of annexes. The demo is trivial — paste it in, get a summary. Production is where it falls apart, for three reasons. Cost. Long-context single-pass re-reads the entire document on every query. Without caching, twenty questions over one 500-page document means twenty full reads of roughly 170,000 tokens each. Faithfulness. Summaries invent things, and not uniformly: recent long-context hallucination research on arXiv finds unsupported claims concentrate towards the end of long generated outputs. A summary that starts grounded can finish fictional.…
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