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Rizqy Eka Putra
Rizqy Eka Putra

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Simple CRUD REST API With Lumen + MySQL + Eloquent ORM

Introduction

Hello there ! I am Rep , Software Engineer in the making and currently a 3rd year Computer Engineering student ! In this post i am going to share a quick guide on creating a CRUD ( Create , Read , Update , Delete ) Rest API With Lumen , MySQL Database and also Eloquent ORM .

Why Lumen ?

When you are only intended to Create an API , you wont need lots of Laravel default Libraries / Dependencies , because the goals is only to output a plain data formatted with most probably JSON , therefore we'll use Lumen , a micro-framework which utilize laravel's best part , with smaller size and faster execution time too!

What should i know or have to follow this post?

Tools

Make sure you already installed :

  • PHP 7.2 or Higher
  • Composer
  • MySQL Server ( You can install it via XAMPP on Windows , or via your favorite Packet Manager on UN*X like system)
  • PHPMyAdmin ( You get this automatically via XAMPP , you can install it on linux via Packet Manager also)

Knowledge

Several things you need to know before following this post :

  • Basic Request / Response on Web
  • PHP ( Very , very , very mandatory )
  • A bit of Laravel Knowledge
  • SQL Knowledge (would be really helpful)

Configuring the Project

In this tutorial , we'll create a simple CRUD for a Product Entity , we'll name our project "product-rest-api" , please kindly remember that by the time this tutorial is being written , the latest release of Lumen and Laravel is 8.0 .

Creating The Project

Firstly , we'll have to create the project first , by executing this command :

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Once the project has successfuly built , you can change your directory to the project directory (product-rest-api) and run this command to start the server :

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You can test the endpoint via Postman or Your web browser by sending a GET request to the "/" route

Result :
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If you get the same response as shown on image above , it means that the project has built sucessfully and you're ready to move on to the next step.

Configuring The Database

We need a database to later save / hold the migrated table from lumen , therefore we'll need to create one in MySQL , i'll give the database name "product-rest" , and i'll do it via the terminal to speed up the process , you can also create it via PHPMyAdmin.

*Note : if you are using Windows and XAMPP , dont forget to turn on the MySQL Service and Apache (if you are going to use PHPMyAdmin) via the XAMPP Control Panel.
If you are using linux , start the mysql / mariadb service via your terminal
*

Creating The Database Via Terminal / CMD :

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Once you're done with the database , now open your favorite Code Editor and open your project folder . Once your project folder are loaded , open the .env file , and do the configuration for your project database (don't forget to stop the server running first)

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The Important part of the .env file configuration as shown above is to make sure you filled your Database Configuration correctly , configuration related to Database are those started with **DB_**.

One more step is done , the next step is to create the database migration or defining the database schema , while working with laravel , you could easily utilize the artisan's make:model with -m option to automatically generate a model and a migration , unfortunately this is not available in Lumen , therefore we'd have to create the migration first and later on , create the Model .

Create the product table migration with this command :

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Command above will create you a migration file which will be located on database/migrations , locate the create_products_table file and open it up.

Once you already opened it , we'll start on Creating the product schema , it'll just have some basics data like :

  • Name
  • Price
  • Category

Lets jump right into the code , inside the CreateProductsTable class , you will find a public function up() , we'll define our schema there , or to put simply , the function will looked like this :

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Once we already done with defining the schema , we would have to create a Model class named Product.php , but before we do that , keep in mind that Lumen dont have Facades nor Eloquent enabled by default , therefore we'll need to first turn it on by uncommenting these following lines located on bootstrap/app.php on line 26 and 28 respectively

Line to Uncomment

  • $app->withFacades();
  • $app->withEloquent();

Next thing is to create the Product.php file inside the app/Models directory , and fill it with these code :

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The protected $guarded = [] means that we'll allow the web app to fill datas to any column on the table.

The last configuration we'll have to do is to run the migration , it can be done by simply running this command below

php artisan migrate

Check your database , and see you'll get the product table with 4 columns containing id , name , price and category .

Building The Logic

Defining the routes

Our API will have 5 Endpoints , those are :

  • GET /product to get all products data
  • GET /product/{id} to get a product by its ID
  • POST /product to create new product
  • PUT /product/{id} to update a product base on its id
  • DELETE /product/{id} to delete a product base on its id

Before we create the routes , it'll be better to create the controller first and then create functions that will represents each action. In order to do so , we need to create a ProductController.php file first on the app/Http/Controllers directory

First , we'll need to use the Product Model inside this class and we'll also need to parse incoming request , therefore we'll add these lines of code:

use App\Models\Product;
use Illuminate\Http\Request;

And after that , we'll need to create a function that would return all Products data , to do so , we'll create a function named index , the controller will look pretty much like this :

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Next up, below the index function , we'll create a function called show , which will take up a parameter of id , and return a product based on it id :

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We're done showing products , now its time to create a new one with the create function , which will accept a parameter of $request with type Request :

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Fancy an update to your product? we'll create a function which will takes two parameter consist of $request with type Request and the product's id we're going to update :

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What will happen if the product is no longer produced ? it will get deleted from the product list , therefore the last function we are going to create is a delete function which will takes up a parameter of product id :

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The Full ProductController.php Code would look like this :

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Creating The Routes

We're done with all the logics , but how could we access all these logics , the answer is by binding the route to the controller's function .

Navigate to routes directory , and open up the web.php , we'll changed it , so it'll match the routes we have defined above before :

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That's it for the codes and logic stuff , next up we'll test the Routes , starting from creating the product first , you might realize that we dont have any product yet .

** Note : you could also use Seeder to Seed data into your database first **

Testing the EndPoints

Create Product

Create a POST request to localhost:8000/product via Postman , and fill the body section with raw option , and toggle the JSON Option , more or less like this :

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Create 2 or 3 Products so that we could see the difference between index and show function afterwards.

Show Products

Now open a new tab in postman, we'll send a GET request to localhost:8000/product which is binded to index() function and will return all products

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And turns out , it works , it gives us all of the products data.

Show Product by ID

In my products data , i have products with ID of 2 , 3 and 4 , you could check it from the previous response , and try to access only 1 product by sending a GET Request to localhost:8000/{id} in this case i'll try to get a product with id of 2 , so the request will be a GET to localhost:8000/2 :

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Yes ! it responded correctly by showing us only a data which id is 2 .

Update Product

To update a product , we'll have to send a PUT request, which will require request parameters , just like we did with Create Product request , and the id of product we're going to update , therefore it will be a PUT request to : localhost:8080/product/{id} this time i will update the previous data of ID 2 , and change the product price to $3000 , notice that you'll need to re-write the name and category data as well.

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And once again , it works perfectly , it send us back a json response with the product's updated data.

Delete a Product

Because i changed the price just recently , turns out people are started to grab the Laptops very quickly and it is now out of stock until a new version released .

So now we'd have to delete the product , by sending a DELETE request to localhost:8000/product/2

We'll also later validate this request by showing all products, because it should have been gone afterwards.

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And if we checked it by sending a GET request to /product , it returned :

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It has been verified that all of the routes are working properly , because it only responded with 2 items with ID of 3 and 4.

That's a Wrap

Thanks for you all who finally made it to the bottom and successfully created a REST API with Lumen , there's a lot of things you could improve from the current API , such as request validation etc.

And if you want to see the source code , feel free to fork it from my repository at : https://github.com/rizqyep/product-rest-api

Happy Coding !

Oldest comments (4)

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garubi profile image
Stefano Garuti

Thank you for your very detailed yet simple to follow tutorial!

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wahyusa profile image
Wahyu Syamsul A'lam

Thank you !! Hope you'll write another tutorials about database relation in Lumen

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anhtuta profile image
Tạ Anh Tú

Thanks for your tutorial, I'm a newbie in php and lumen, so I found you post is really helpful!

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Anderson Brandão

Thank you so much! I am just starting with Lumen today and you saved my day.