File and Directory Operations in Windows Commands

Creating and Removing

• echo.: Create an empty file.

  C:\> echo. > newfile.txt

mkdir: Create a new directory.

  C:\> mkdir new_directory

• del: Remove files.

  C:\> del file_to_remove.txt

• rmdir: Remove a directory (either empty or with contents).

  C:\> rmdir /s /q directory_to_remove

Copying, Moving, and Renaming

• copy: Copy files.

  C:\> copy source.txt destination.txt

• xcopy: Copy directories.

  C:\> xcopy /s /i source_directory destination_directory

• move: Move or rename files or directories.

  C:\> move oldname.txt newname.txt

Listing and Navigating

• dir: List directory contents.

  C:\> dir

• cd: Display or change the current directory.

  C:\> cd \path\to\directory

File Content Viewing

• type: Display the entire content of a file.

  C:\> type file.txt

• more: View file content with pagination.

  C:\> more file.txt
  (Note: Windows doesn't have direct equivalents to `head` and `tail` commands in its basic command prompt.)

File and Directory Information

• dir: Display detailed information about a file or directory.

  C:\> dir file.txt
  (Note: Windows doesn't have a direct equivalent to the `file` command in its basic command prompt.)

Searching for Files

• dir: Search for files in a directory.

  C:\> dir /s /b \path\to\search\*pattern*.txt