When working with React, useEffect is often the first tool developers reach for when they need to handle side effects. However, relying on it too heavily can lead to significant issues in your application's lifecycle. Here is why you should reconsider reaching for useEffect as your default solution.
It executes after the render
One of the fundamental mechanics of useEffect is that it runs after the component has already rendered. Unlike logic that runs during the render phase, an effect is a delayed action. This means the browser paints the screen, and then your effect kicks in to make changes, often initiating a second update immediately after the first one.
Unnecessary re-renders
Because the effect runs after the initial render, updating state inside a useEffect often forces React to render the component a second time. This creates a chain reaction where the component renders, the effect runs, state updates, and the component renders again. In many cases, these additional render cycles are completely avoidable and redundant.
Performance issues
The compound effect of these unnecessary re-renders is a direct hit to performance. If you have complex components or a deep component tree, rendering twice for every single interaction or data change can slow down the user interface. Over time, this creates a sluggish experience for the user as the browser struggles to keep up with the double-work required by the effects.
Unexpected behaviors
Relying on useEffect to manage data flow often decouples the logic from the user interaction. Instead of a predictable sequence of events (e.g., User Clicks -> State Updates), you end up with a reactive chain that can be hard to predict. This often leads to unexpected behaviors, where the UI flickers or data falls out of sync because the effect didn't run at the exact moment you anticipated.
Hard to debug
Finally, codebases heavy on useEffect are notoriously difficult to debug. When state changes are scattered across various effects that trigger one another, tracing the source of a bug becomes a headache. You aren't just looking for what caused an error; you have to mentally model a complex timeline of renders and re-renders to understand what went wrong.
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