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Windows ortamında Python geliştirme ve operasyon yönetimi için “çekirdek CLI komutları”

#beginners #cli #python #tutorial

1. Python Ortam Kontrolü (Windows CLI)

Python sürüm kontrol 

python --version
py --version
where python
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pip kontrol 

pip --version
python -m pip --version
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pip güncelleme (kritik) 

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
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2. Python Çalıştırma Mekanizması (Windows Standard)

Script çalıştırma 

python app.py
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Py launcher ile sürüm seçme 

py app.py
py -3.12 app.py
py -3.11 app.py
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Modül çalıştırma 

python -m mymodule
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3. Sanal Ortam (venv) – Kurumsal Standart

Oluşturma 

python -m venv venv
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Aktivasyon (PowerShell) 

venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1
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Aktivasyon (CMD) 

venv\Scripts\activate.bat
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Deaktivasyon 

deactivate
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Sanal ortam kontrol 

where python
where pip
pip list
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4. requirements.txt Yönetimi

Oluşturma 

pip freeze > requirements.txt
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Kurulum 

pip install -r requirements.txt
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Güncelleme 

pip install --upgrade -r requirements.txt
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5. Paket Yönetimi (pip Core Set)

Paket yükleme 

pip install requests
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Versiyon sabitleme 

pip install requests==2.31.0
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Paket kaldırma 

pip uninstall requests
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Listeleme 

pip list
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Güncellenebilir paketler 

pip list --outdated
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6. Windows .env Yönetimi (Konfigürasyon Standardı)

.env dosyası oluşturma 

notepad .env
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Örnek içerik 

DEBUG=True
API_KEY=123456
DB_URL=localhost
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Python tarafı (.env kullanımı) 

pip install python-dotenv
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from dotenv import load_dotenv
import os

load_dotenv()

api_key = os.getenv("API_KEY")
print(api_key)
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7. Sistem Komutları ve Process Yönetimi

Process listeleme 

tasklist
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Python process filtreleme 

tasklist | findstr python
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Process sonlandırma 

taskkill /PID 1234 /F
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Python process kill 

taskkill /IM python.exe /F
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8. Dosya İşlemleri (CLI seviyesinde)

Dosya listesi 

dir
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Klasör değiştirme 

cd project
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Dosya silme 

del file.txt
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Klasör silme 

rmdir /S /Q folder
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9. Log ve Debug Yönetimi

Dosya log izleme (PowerShell) 

Get-Content app.log -Wait
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Son satırlar 

Get-Content app.log -Tail 100
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Filtreleme 

Select-String "ERROR" app.log
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10. Uzaktan Erişim (Windows → SSH)

SSH bağlantı 

ssh user@server_ip
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Dosya gönderme 

scp app.py user@server_ip:C:\Users\user\
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Klasör gönderme 

scp -r project user@server_ip:C:\Users\user\
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11. Uzaktan Python Çalıştırma 

ssh user@server_ip "python app.py"
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12. Windows Service Olarak Python (Production)

Windows’ta Linux systemd yerine Windows Service / NSSM / Task Scheduler kullanılır.

NSSM (önerilen production yaklaşım) 

nssm install MyPythonApp
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Parametre:

  • Path: python.exe
  • Args: C:\app\app.py

Service başlatma 

nssm start MyPythonApp
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Durdurma 

nssm stop MyPythonApp
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13. Task Scheduler (Zamanlama)

CLI üzerinden görev oluşturma 

schtasks /create /tn "PythonJob" /tr "python C:\app\app.py" /sc daily /st 10:00
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Çalıştırma 

schtasks /run /tn "PythonJob"
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Silme 

schtasks /delete /tn "PythonJob" /f
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14. Network ve API Test

HTTP çağrısı 

curl http://localhost:8000
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POST request 

curl -X POST http://localhost:8000/api -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d "{\"key\":\"value\"}"
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15. Sistem İzleme Komutları

Disk 

wmic logicaldisk get size,freespace,caption
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CPU / RAM 

wmic cpu get loadpercentage
systeminfo
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16. Kritik Production Komut Seti (Özet) 

python -m venv venv
venv\Scripts\activate
pip install -r requirements.txt
pip freeze > requirements.txt
python app.py
tasklist | findstr python
taskkill /IM python.exe /F
schtasks /create /tn "Job" /tr "python app.py" /sc daily /st 09:00
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Sonuç (Mimari Perspektif)

Windows Python operasyonları 4 ana katmanda düşünülmelidir:

1. Development Layer

  • venv
  • pip
  • requirements.txt

2. Execution Layer

  • python / py launcher
  • process yönetimi

3. Scheduling Layer

  • Task Scheduler
  • batch automation

4. Production Layer

  • NSSM / Windows Service
  • SSH remote execution
  • logging & monitoring

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