Computers only understand numbers. So how do they handle letters, punctuation, and symbols? ASCII — the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, published in 1963.
Every character you type is secretly a number. Press A and your computer stores 65. Type a space and it stores 32. ASCII defines 128 such mappings — from 0 to 127 — covering everything a classic keyboard can produce.
The four regions of ASCII
Control characters
0 – 31
Non-printing signals: newline, tab, backspace, null
Digits & punctuation
32 – 64
Space, !, ", 0–9, :, ;, @, and more
Uppercase letters
65 – 90
A through Z
Lowercase letters
97 – 122
a through z
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