Getting the public IP in Python — scripts, Django, FastAPI

Getting the public IP in Python — scripts, Django, FastAPI

Whether you're writing a quick script, building a Django web app, or designing a FastAPI microservice, knowing the public IP of your server or client is a recurring need. This article covers all three scenarios with practical code, using IPPubblico.org — a free API with no key required, HTTPS, and CORS enabled.

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Why IPPubblico?

Before diving into code, here's a quick summary of why it's worth using:

• No API key — works immediately, zero setup
• HTTPS only — secure by default
• Plain text endpoint — no parsing for simple cases
• Full JSON endpoint — city, country, ISP, ASN, timezone when needed
• No hard rate limit — soft limiting applies for abuse prevention
• Commercial use allowed on the free tier

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Use case 1 — Simple script with requests

The most common scenario: a standalone script that needs to know its own public IP.

import requests

def get_public_ip():
    try:
        response = requests.get(
            'https://ipv4.ippubblico.org/',
            timeout=5
        )
        response.raise_for_status()
        return response.text.strip()
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Failed to get IP: {e}")
        return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    ip = get_public_ip()
    print(f"Public IP: {ip}")
    # Public IP: 203.0.113.42

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Use case 2 — Full geolocation with requests

When you need country, city, ISP and timezone in addition to the IP:

import requests
from dataclasses import dataclass
from typing import Optional

@dataclass
class IPInfo:
    ip: str
    country: Optional[str]
    country_code: Optional[str]
    city: Optional[str]
    region: Optional[str]
    isp: Optional[str]
    timezone: Optional[str]
    lat: Optional[float]
    lon: Optional[float]

def get_ip_info(ip: str = None) -> Optional[IPInfo]:
    """
    Get geolocation info for an IP address.
    If ip is None, returns info for the current public IP.
    """
    url = 'https://ippubblico.org/?api=1'
    if ip:
        url += f'&ip={ip}'

    try:
        response = requests.get(url, timeout=5)
        response.raise_for_status()
        data = response.json()

        if data.get('status') != 'ok':
            return None

        geo = data.get('geo', {})
        return IPInfo(
            ip=data.get('ip', ''),
            country=geo.get('country'),
            country_code=geo.get('country_code'),
            city=geo.get('city'),
            region=geo.get('region'),
            isp=data.get('isp'),
            timezone=data.get('timezone'),
            lat=geo.get('lat'),
            lon=geo.get('lon'),
        )
    except requests.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Request failed: {e}")
        return None

if __name__ == '__main__':
    info = get_ip_info()
    if info:
        print(f"IP:       {info.ip}")
        print(f"Country:  {info.country} ({info.country_code})")
        print(f"City:     {info.city}, {info.region}")
        print(f"ISP:      {info.isp}")
        print(f"Timezone: {info.timezone}")

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Use case 3 — Async script with httpx

For async Python scripts using httpx:

import asyncio
import httpx

async def get_public_ip() -> str | None:
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=5.0) as client:
        try:
            response = await client.get('https://ipv4.ippubblico.org/')
            response.raise_for_status()
            return response.text.strip()
        except httpx.HTTPError as e:
            print(f"Failed to get IP: {e}")
            return None

async def get_ip_info() -> dict | None:
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=5.0) as client:
        try:
            response = await client.get('https://ippubblico.org/?api=1')
            response.raise_for_status()
            data = response.json()
            return data if data.get('status') == 'ok' else None
        except httpx.HTTPError as e:
            print(f"Failed to get IP info: {e}")
            return None

async def main():
    ip = await get_public_ip()
    print(f"Public IP: {ip}")

    info = await get_ip_info()
    if info:
        print(f"Country: {info['geo']['country']}")
        print(f"City:    {info['geo']['city']}")

asyncio.run(main())

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Use case 4 — Django middleware for country detection

A Django middleware that detects the user's country on every request and adds it to request.country_code. Useful for region-based content, currency selection, or logging.

# myapp/middleware.py

import requests
from django.core.cache import cache

CACHE_TIMEOUT = 3600  # 1 hour per IP

class CountryDetectionMiddleware:
    def __init__(self, get_response):
        self.get_response = get_response

    def __call__(self, request):
        client_ip = self._get_client_ip(request)
        request.client_ip = client_ip
        request.country_code = self._get_country(client_ip)
        response = self.get_response(request)
        return response

    def _get_client_ip(self, request):
        x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
        if x_forwarded_for:
            return x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0].strip()
        return request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')

    def _get_country(self, ip: str) -> str | None:
        if not ip:
            return None

        cache_key = f'country_{ip}'
        cached = cache.get(cache_key)
        if cached:
            return cached

        try:
            response = requests.get(
                'https://ippubblico.org/?api=1',
                timeout=3
            )
            data = response.json()
            country_code = data.get('geo', {}).get('country_code')
            if country_code:
                cache.set(cache_key, country_code, CACHE_TIMEOUT)
            return country_code
        except Exception:
            return None

Register it in settings.py:

MIDDLEWARE = [
    'django.middleware.security.SecurityMiddleware',
    'myapp.middleware.CountryDetectionMiddleware',  # add here
    # ... rest of middleware
]

Use it in any view:

# views.py

from django.http import JsonResponse

def my_view(request):
    return JsonResponse({
        'ip': request.client_ip,
        'country': request.country_code,
    })

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Use case 5 — Django view with per-request geolocation

For cases where you need full geolocation data in a specific view, not globally:

# views.py

import requests
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.views import View

class UserLocationView(View):
    def get(self, request):
        ip = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR', '').split(',')[0].strip() \
             or request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')

        try:
            response = requests.get(
                'https://ippubblico.org/?api=1',
                timeout=5
            )
            data = response.json()
            geo = data.get('geo', {})

            return JsonResponse({
                'ip': data.get('ip'),
                'country': geo.get('country'),
                'country_code': geo.get('country_code'),
                'city': geo.get('city'),
                'timezone': data.get('timezone'),
            })
        except Exception as e:
            return JsonResponse({'error': str(e)}, status=500)

---

Use case 6 — FastAPI dependency injection

The cleanest FastAPI pattern: a reusable dependency that injects IP info into any route.

# dependencies.py

import httpx
from functools import lru_cache
from fastapi import Request, Depends
from typing import Optional
from pydantic import BaseModel

class GeoInfo(BaseModel):
    city: Optional[str] = None
    region: Optional[str] = None
    country: Optional[str] = None
    country_code: Optional[str] = None
    lat: Optional[float] = None
    lon: Optional[float] = None

class IPInfo(BaseModel):
    ip: str
    isp: Optional[str] = None
    timezone: Optional[str] = None
    geo: GeoInfo = GeoInfo()

def get_client_ip(request: Request) -> str:
    forwarded = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For')
    if forwarded:
        return forwarded.split(',')[0].strip()
    return request.client.host

async def get_ip_info(request: Request) -> Optional[IPInfo]:
    ip = get_client_ip(request)
    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=5.0) as client:
        try:
            response = await client.get('https://ippubblico.org/?api=1')
            data = response.json()
            if data.get('status') == 'ok':
                return IPInfo(**{
                    'ip': data.get('ip', ip),
                    'isp': data.get('isp'),
                    'timezone': data.get('timezone'),
                    'geo': GeoInfo(**data.get('geo', {}))
                })
        except Exception:
            pass
    return None

Use in any route:

# main.py

from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends
from dependencies import IPInfo, get_ip_info

app = FastAPI()

@app.get('/location')
async def location(ip_info: IPInfo = Depends(get_ip_info)):
    if not ip_info:
        return {'error': 'Could not detect location'}
    return {
        'ip': ip_info.ip,
        'country': ip_info.geo.country,
        'city': ip_info.geo.city,
        'timezone': ip_info.timezone,
    }

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Use case 7 — FastAPI with caching (Redis)

For high-traffic APIs, cache the geolocation result per IP to avoid repeated external calls:

# dependencies_cached.py

import httpx
import json
from fastapi import Request
from typing import Optional
import redis.asyncio as redis

redis_client = redis.Redis(host='localhost', port=6379, decode_responses=True)
CACHE_TTL = 3600  # 1 hour

async def get_ip_info_cached(request: Request) -> Optional[dict]:
    forwarded = request.headers.get('X-Forwarded-For')
    ip = forwarded.split(',')[0].strip() if forwarded else request.client.host

    cache_key = f'ipinfo:{ip}'
    cached = await redis_client.get(cache_key)
    if cached:
        return json.loads(cached)

    async with httpx.AsyncClient(timeout=5.0) as client:
        try:
            response = await client.get('https://ippubblico.org/?api=1')
            data = response.json()
            if data.get('status') == 'ok':
                await redis_client.setex(cache_key, CACHE_TTL, json.dumps(data))
                return data
        except Exception:
            pass
    return None

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Handling rate limits

If your application makes many requests from the same IP in a short period, you may receive a 429 Too Many Requests response. The API returns a Retry-After header indicating how many seconds to wait:

import time
import requests

def get_ip_with_retry(max_retries: int = 3) -> str | None:
    for attempt in range(max_retries):
        response = requests.get(
            'https://ipv4.ippubblico.org/',
            timeout=5
        )

        if response.status_code == 200:
            return response.text.strip()

        if response.status_code == 429:
            retry_after = int(response.headers.get('Retry-After', 20))
            print(f"Rate limited. Waiting {retry_after}s before retry {attempt + 1}/{max_retries}")
            time.sleep(retry_after)
            continue

        response.raise_for_status()

    return None

In practice, caching results at the application level eliminates most rate limit concerns.

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Quick reference

Need	Endpoint	Response
IPv4 only	https://ipv4.ippubblico.org/	203.0.113.42
IPv6 only	https://ipv6.ippubblico.org/	2001:db8::1 or NONE
Both protocols	https://ippubblico.org/?text=1	IPv4: x\nIPv6: x
Full geolocation	https://ippubblico.org/?api=1	JSON with country, city, ISP

Full API documentation: ippubblico.org/docs.html

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Conclusion

IPPubblico covers the full range of Python use cases — from a one-liner in a shell script to a properly typed FastAPI dependency with Redis caching. The consistent API across plain text and JSON endpoints means you can start simple and add complexity only when you need it.

The Django middleware and FastAPI dependency patterns shown here are production-ready starting points: they handle client IP extraction behind proxies, cache results to avoid redundant API calls, and fail gracefully when the external service is unavailable.

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Using a different approach for IP detection in Python? Share it in the comments.