Automated Database Backups: Protecting Your Production Data

Most developers don't think about backups until they lose data. Set it up now, before you need it.

The 3-2-1 Rule

• 3 copies of your data
• 2 different storage types
• 1 off-site copy

For most SaaS: primary DB + automated snapshots + S3 backups = covered.

PostgreSQL Backup Script

#!/bin/bash
# backup.sh
set -euo pipefail

DB_NAME="myapp_production"
BACKUP_DIR="/var/backups/postgres"
S3_BUCKET="s3://my-backups/postgres"
TIMESTAMP=$(date +%Y%m%d_%H%M%S)
FILENAME="${DB_NAME}_${TIMESTAMP}.sql.gz"

# Create backup
pg_dump \
  --no-password \
  --format=custom \
  --compress=9 \
  "$DATABASE_URL" | gzip > "${BACKUP_DIR}/${FILENAME}"

# Upload to S3
aws s3 cp "${BACKUP_DIR}/${FILENAME}" "${S3_BUCKET}/${FILENAME}"

# Delete local copies older than 7 days
find "$BACKUP_DIR" -name '*.sql.gz' -mtime +7 -delete

echo "Backup complete: ${FILENAME}"

Automating With Cron

# crontab -e
# Daily backup at 2 AM
0 2 * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh >> /var/log/backup.log 2>&1

# Hourly backup for high-write databases
0 * * * * /usr/local/bin/backup.sh >> /var/log/backup.log 2>&1

Point-in-Time Recovery With WAL

# postgresql.conf — enable WAL archiving
wal_level = replica
archive_mode = on
archive_command = 'aws s3 cp %p s3://my-backups/wal/%f'

With WAL archiving, you can restore to any point in time — not just backup snapshots.

Testing Restores (Critical!)

# Restore to a test database monthly to verify backups work
pg_restore \
  --no-password \
  --clean \
  --if-exists \
  --dbname=test_restore \
  backup_20240115_020000.sql.gz

echo 'Restore test complete'

An untested backup is not a backup. Add a monthly restore test to your calendar.

Managed Alternatives

If you're on Supabase, Railway, or Neon: automated daily backups are included. On RDS: enable automated backups and multi-AZ. On a VPS: the script above plus S3 is your stack.

Database backup, monitoring, and disaster recovery patterns are documented in the AI SaaS Starter Kit.

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