I resize and convert photos all day, mostly to get them under some upload limit, and somewhere along the way I'd filed "the smaller copy is a new file" in my head as "the smaller copy is clean". Then I actually looked. On a real iPhone photo, a resized copy made with the Mac's built-in sips tool still had the exact coordinates of where it was taken. A copy saved with Python's Pillow didn't. Same photo, same kind of operation, opposite results.
The photo I used is "Avions à l'aéroport de Madrid - 2015" from Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 (so free to reuse), shot on an iPhone 6 in July 2015. Its latitude reads 40°29′27.76″N, and together with the longitude it points straight at the airport. I ran it and a synthetic test photo I generated myself (fake GPS, a point in the middle of the sea) through the usual suspects and read the results back with piexif and Pillow:
The row that got me is "macOS sips convert / resize: kept". Resized to 1200×900 and converted to PNG, the Madrid photo still carried its coordinates. Pillow's plain save dropped everything, and so did a browser canvas re-encode when I tried it on the synthetic photo. So "I converted it" tells you nothing on its own. It depends on which program did the converting, and most apps don't tell you. I haven't tested what any chat app or social site does to photos on upload, and I have no way to verify it from the outside, so I don't count on them to remove anything.
Checking and removing it, the official way
I stuck to what Apple and Google document in their own help pages, plus ExifTool's manual for Windows. On iPhone, open the photo in Photos and swipe up or tap the info button: you get the camera, lens and shutter details, and the place it was taken. To take the location off, tap the More button, then Adjust Location, then No Location. Apple's guide also says you can revert that, so I read it as "removed in Photos" and wouldn't assume the original bytes are gone. For a one-off share, the better switch is in the share sheet: tap Options, turn off Location, tap Done, then send. And if you'd rather the camera never records it, it's Settings > Privacy & Security > Location Services > Camera > Never.
On a Mac, Preview is the quickest check: open the photo and choose Tools > Show Location Info. Apple's own note is handy here: if that menu item is grey, the image has no location information. In the Photos app, it's Image > Location > Hide Location, with Revert to Original Location to undo it. Apple calls it "hide", not "remove", and I think the wording is deliberate.
On Android the location switch lives in the camera app's settings, and the name changes by brand; Google's help page lists what it's called on several makers' phones. Google Photos has a per-album and per-link toggle for sharing location. The part people miss is in Google's own help: if the camera added the location, you can't remove it inside Google Photos, and the sharing toggle doesn't apply when you download a photo and send it some other way.
Windows: ExifTool
I didn't verify the Windows menus on a current version, so I'm not going to write out click paths from memory. What I can point you to is ExifTool, a free command-line tool that runs on Windows too. Everything below is as ExifTool's official manual describes it. I haven't run any of it myself, because it's not installed on the machine I tested on.
The manual covers three jobs. The first is listing everything a photo carries, grouped by where it lives in the file, and even there the manual warns that the list may still not show every piece of metadata. The second is removing just the location, which is the one most people need; the manual writes it as exiftool -gps:all= photo.jpg, with your own file name in place of photo.jpg. The third is wiping all metadata at once, and the manual says not to do that to RAW files, DNG excepted, so I'd keep it for ordinary JPEGs and only when you really don't need the camera details either.
One thing tripped me up just reading the docs: by default ExifTool keeps your untouched original next to the edited file, with _original added to the name. So after removing the GPS tags, the folder has a clean photo.jpg and a photo.jpg_original with the coordinates still in it. Send the wrong one and you've done nothing.
Screenshots are a different story
A screenshot is a new image made from whatever is on your screen, and the screen has no idea where the photo was taken. My test screenshot on macOS came out as a PNG with a colour profile, an XMP packet and a tiny EXIF block, and no GPS at all. That makes "screenshot it, send the screenshot" a surprisingly decent low-tech trick, with two catches. You lose resolution, since you only get what fits on screen. And the picture itself can still give the place away. Google's help page makes the same point: even with location hidden, people can guess from landmarks in the photo. A plane in an airline's livery parked at a gate narrows things down a lot without any metadata.
My habit now is dull but it works: before anything goes out, I open the exact file I'm about to send, not the original in my library, and check it with Show Location Info or the iPhone info panel. The copy is the thing that leaves, so the copy is what gets checked.
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