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Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Certificate Management
Introduction
TLS certificate management is a critical operational responsibility. Expired certificates cause service outages, security warnings, and loss of user trust. Modern certificate management leverages the ACME protocol and Let's Encrypt to automate issuance and renewal at scale.
Let's Encrypt
Let's Encrypt is a free, automated, and open certificate authority (CA) that provides DV certificates trusted by all major browsers.
Install Certbot (Let's Encrypt client)
sudo apt install certbot python3-certbot-nginx
Obtain certificate with webroot authentication
sudo certbot certonly --webroot \
-w /var/www/example.com -d example.com \
-w /var/www/api.example.com -d api.example.com \
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\--email admin@example.com \
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\--agree-tos \
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\--non-interactive
Obtain certificate with DNS challenge (for wildcards)
sudo certbot certonly --manual \
\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\--preferred-challenges dns \
-d example.com -d *.example.com
ACME Protocol
The Automated Certificate Management Environment (ACME) protocol automates certificate issuance, renewal, and revocation.
import josepy as jose
from acme import client, messages
from cryptography import x509
from cryptography.hazmat.primitives import hashes
class ACMEClient:
def init(self, directory_url, email):
self.directory_url = directory_url
self.email = email
self.net = client.ClientNetwork(
jose.JWKRSA(key=rsa_private_key),
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