curl Command Examples for REST APIs (2025 Reference)

curl is the universal tool for interacting with HTTP APIs. It runs on every platform, requires no setup, and outputs raw responses you can inspect, pipe, and script. Once you know the core flags, you can test any REST API without opening Postman.

This is a practical reference — organized by task, with real-world examples you can copy and adapt.

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Essential Flags to Know First

-X METHOD       # HTTP method (GET is default)
-H "Header"     # Add a request header
-d "data"       # Request body (implies POST)
-s              # Silent mode (no progress meter)
-i              # Include response headers in output
-I              # Fetch only headers (HEAD request)
-v              # Verbose: show full request + response
-o file.json    # Save response to a file
-w "format"     # Write-out (print specific values after response)
-L              # Follow redirects
-k              # Skip SSL verification (dev only, never production)
--compressed    # Request and decompress gzip responses

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GET Requests

Basic GET

curl https://api.github.com/users/octocat

Pretty-print JSON response

curl -s https://api.github.com/users/octocat | python3 -m json.tool

# Or with jq (better formatting + filtering)
curl -s https://api.github.com/users/octocat | jq .

Extract specific fields with jq

# Get just the name and public_repos
curl -s https://api.github.com/users/octocat | jq '{name: .name, repos: .public_repos}'

# Get all items from an array
curl -s https://api.github.com/orgs/github/repos | jq '.[].name'

Query parameters

# URL-encode query parameters manually
curl "https://api.github.com/search/repositories?q=language:javascript&sort=stars&order=desc"

# Or use --data-urlencode with GET
curl -G \
  --data-urlencode "q=language:javascript" \
  --data-urlencode "sort=stars" \
  https://api.github.com/search/repositories

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POST Requests

JSON body

curl -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"username": "alice", "email": "[e-mail]"}' \
  https://api.example.com/users

Read body from a file

# Create payload.json, then:
curl -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d @payload.json \
  https://api.example.com/users

Form data (application/x-www-form-urlencoded)

curl -X POST \
  -d "username=alice&password=secret" \
  https://api.example.com/login

Multipart form (file upload)

curl -X POST \
  -F "file=@/path/to/image.png" \
  -F "description=Profile photo" \
  https://api.example.com/upload

Multi-file upload

curl -X POST \
  -F "files[]=@file1.pdf" \
  -F "files[]=@file2.pdf" \
  https://api.example.com/upload-batch

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PUT and PATCH

# PUT: replace the entire resource
curl -X PUT \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"id": 1, "name": "Alice Updated", "role": "admin"}' \
  https://api.example.com/users/1

# PATCH: update specific fields
curl -X PATCH \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"role": "admin"}' \
  https://api.example.com/users/1

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DELETE

# Simple delete
curl -X DELETE https://api.example.com/users/1

# Delete with confirmation body
curl -X DELETE \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"confirm": true}' \
  https://api.example.com/users/1

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Authentication

Bearer Token (JWT)

TOKEN="eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9..."

curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  https://api.example.com/protected/resource

Basic Auth

# curl handles base64 encoding automatically
curl -u alice:password123 https://api.example.com/resource

# Or send the header directly
curl -H "Authorization: Basic $(echo -n 'alice:password123' | base64)" \
  https://api.example.com/resource

API Key in Header

curl -H "X-API-Key: your-api-key-here" \
  https://api.example.com/resource

API Key in Query String

curl "https://api.example.com/resource?api_key=your-api-key-here"

OAuth2 — Get a Token First

# Step 1: Get access token
TOKEN=$(curl -s -X POST \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -d '{"client_id": "YOUR_ID", "client_secret": "YOUR_SECRET", "grant_type": "client_credentials"}' \
  https://auth.example.com/oauth/token | jq -r '.access_token')

# Step 2: Use it
curl -H "Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN" \
  https://api.example.com/resource

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Working with Headers

View response headers

# Include headers in output
curl -i https://api.example.com/resource

# Headers only
curl -I https://api.example.com/resource

# Verbose (shows request headers too)
curl -v https://api.example.com/resource

Custom headers

curl -H "Accept: application/json" \
  -H "Accept-Language: en-US" \
  -H "X-Request-ID: $(uuidgen)" \
  https://api.example.com/resource

Capture specific header values

# Get the Content-Type header value
curl -sI https://api.example.com | grep -i content-type

# Get the status code only
curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://api.example.com/resource

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Response Handling

Save to file

curl -o response.json https://api.example.com/data

Check HTTP status code

STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" https://api.example.com/health)
echo "Status: $STATUS"

# Use in scripts
if [ "$STATUS" -ne 200 ]; then
  echo "API is down!"
  exit 1
fi

Measure response time

curl -s -o /dev/null -w "
DNS lookup:    %{time_namelookup}s
TCP connect:   %{time_connect}s
TLS handshake: %{time_appconnect}s
TTFB:          %{time_starttransfer}s
Total:         %{time_total}s
" https://api.example.com/resource

Follow redirects

curl -L https://bit.ly/shortened-url

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Scripting with curl

Loop through API pages

#!/bin/bash
PAGE=1
while true; do
  RESPONSE=$(curl -s "https://api.example.com/items?page=$PAGE&limit=100")
  ITEMS=$(echo "$RESPONSE" | jq '.items | length')

  echo "$RESPONSE" >> all_items.json

  if [ "$ITEMS" -lt 100 ]; then
    break
  fi
  ((PAGE++))
done

Health check script

#!/bin/bash
ENDPOINTS=(
  "https://api.example.com/health"
  "https://api.example.com/users"
  "https://api.example.com/products"
)

for URL in "${ENDPOINTS[@]}"; do
  STATUS=$(curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" --max-time 5 "$URL")
  if [ "$STATUS" = "200" ]; then
    echo "✓ $URL"
  else
    echo "✗ $URL (HTTP $STATUS)"
  fi
done

Retry on failure

curl --retry 3 \
  --retry-delay 2 \
  --retry-on-http-error 429,503 \
  https://api.example.com/resource

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Debugging

Full verbose output

# Show everything: headers, TLS info, timing
curl -v https://api.example.com/resource

# Save verbose output to stderr (separate from response)
curl -v -o response.json https://api.example.com/resource 2>debug.log

Simulate a browser request

curl -H "User-Agent: Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_15_7) AppleWebKit/537.36" \
  -H "Accept: text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8" \
  -H "Accept-Language: en-US,en;q=0.5" \
  -H "Connection: keep-alive" \
  https://www.example.com

Handle compressed responses

curl --compressed https://api.example.com/data
# curl will send Accept-Encoding: gzip, deflate and decompress automatically

Skip SSL for dev environments

# Only use this for local development, never production
curl -k https://localhost:8443/api/test

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Quick Reference Card

Task	Command
GET JSON	`curl -s URL \
POST JSON	{% raw %}curl -X POST -H "Content-Type: application/json" -d '{}' URL
Bearer auth	curl -H "Authorization: Bearer TOKEN" URL
Upload file	curl -F "file=@path" URL
Follow redirect	curl -L URL
Status code only	curl -s -o /dev/null -w "%{http_code}" URL
Save response	curl -o output.json URL
Verbose debug	curl -v URL
Retry on failure	curl --retry 3 URL
Response time	curl -w "%{time_total}" URL

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Beyond curl: Visual API Testing

For complex API workflows, authentication flows, or when you need to share requests with teammates, a visual tool complements curl:

• DevPlaybook API Tester — Browser-based REST client, no install required
• DevPlaybook API Request Builder — Build and export curl commands visually
• DevPlaybook API Response Formatter — Prettify and inspect JSON responses

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Download the Developer Productivity Bundle

The Developer Productivity Bundle includes a collection of curl one-liners, API health check scripts, and automation templates for common API tasks — ready to drop into your workflow.

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