Build a Multi-Payment DApp on Morph with Foundry

Hello Devs 👋

This tutorial provides a hands-on approach, guiding developers through building a decentralized application (DApp) capable of handling multiple payment types or currencies, while using Foundry—a popular smart contract development framework.

Prerequisites 📚

• Node JS (v16 or later)
• NPM (v6 or later)
• Solidity
• Metamask
• Testnet ethers
• JavaScript

Dev Tools 🛠️

• Foundry

curl -L https://foundry.paradigm.xyz | bash

Let's start hacking... 👨‍💻

Step 1: Create a new project directory

mkdir batchsender-dapp

• Navigate into the new project directory

cd batchsender-dapp

Step 2: Initialize Foundry framework for smart contract development

✍️ Foundry creates a new git repository; we may prevent this by flagging the command.

forge init --no-git

Foundry file tree:

• script
• src
• test

✍️ Each of these folders contains a file. Delete them one by one to create a clean slate.

Step 3: Create the smart contract code

• Navigate to the src directory
• Create a new file named Batchsender.sol
• Update Batchsender.sol with the following code:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;

contract Batchsender {
    // Custom Error for mismatched recipients and amounts
    error MismatchedArrayLengths(
        uint256 recipientsLength,
        uint256 amountsLength
    );

    // Custom error for insufficient ethers
    error NotEnoughEth();

    // Custom Error for failed transfer
    error TransferFailed(address recipients, uint256 amounts);

    // Event to log each successful transfer
    event TokenSent(address indexed recipients, uint256 amounts);

    // Payable function for Ether transfer
    function sendToken(
        address payable[] calldata recipients,
        uint[] calldata amounts
    ) external payable {
        // Check if recipient length and amount length are the same
        if (recipients.length != amounts.length) {
            revert MismatchedArrayLengths(recipients.length, amounts.length);
        }

        // Calculate the total amount to be sent
        uint totalAmount = 0;
        for (uint i = 0; i < amounts.length; i++) {
            totalAmount += amounts[i];
        }

        // Ensure the sent amount is equal or greater than the total amount
        if (msg.value < totalAmount) {
            revert NotEnoughEth();
        }

        // Loop through recipients array to match recipients to amounts
        for (uint i = 0; i < recipients.length; i++) {
            (bool sendSuccess, ) = recipients[i].call{value: amounts[i]}("");
            if (!sendSuccess) {
                revert TransferFailed(recipients[i], amounts[i]);
            }

            // Emit event for each successful transfer
            emit TokenSent(recipients[i], amounts[i]);
        }
    }
}

Step 4: Compile the smart contract code

forge build

• Compilation result:

[⠊] Compiling...
[⠢] Compiling 1 files with Solc 0.8.27
[⠆] Solc 0.8.27 finished in 139.58ms
Compiler run successful!

Step 5: Write solidity code for unit tests

• Navigate to the test directory
• Create a new file named Batchsender.t.sol
• Update Batchsender.t.sol with the following code:

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;

import {Test, console} from "forge-std/Test.sol";
import {Batchsender} from "../src/Batchsender.sol";

contract BatchsenderTest is Test {
    Batchsender public batchsender;

    function setUp() public {
        // Deploy the contract before each test
        batchsender = new Batchsender();
    }

    function test_sendToken() public {
        address payable[] memory recipients = new address payable[](2);
        uint[] memory amounts = new uint[](2);
        recipients[0] = payable(0x6c5fa1b41990f4ee402984Bcc8Bf6F4CB769fE74);
        recipients[1] = payable(0x55829bC84132E1449b62607B1c7bbC012f0326Ac);
        amounts[0] = 100; //wei
        amounts[1] = 200; //wei
        batchsender.sendToken{value: 300}(recipients, amounts);
        assertEq(address(recipients[0]).balance, amounts[0]);
        assertEq(address(recipients[1]).balance, amounts[1]);
    }
}

✍️ You can visit vanity-eth.tk to generate new wallet addresses for your test.

Step 6: Running the test

forge test --match-path test/Batchsender.t.sol 

• Test result should look like this:

[⠊] Compiling...
[⠘] Compiling 24 files with Solc 0.8.27
[⠃] Solc 0.8.27 finished in 733.97ms
Compiler run successful!

Ran 1 test for test/Batchsender.t.sol:BatchsenderTest
[PASS] test_sendToken() (gas: 90741)
Suite result: ok. 1 passed; 0 failed; 0 skipped; finished in 8.33ms (1.46ms CPU time)

Ran 1 test suite in 151.38ms (8.33ms CPU time): 1 tests passed, 0 failed, 0 skipped (1 total tests)

Step 7: Deploying smart contract to Morph Holesky testnet

• Create a .env file in the project directory and add three (3) environment variables.

MORPH_RPC_URL="https://rpc-quicknode-holesky.morphl2.io"
DEV_PRIVATE_KEY="0x-insert-your-private-key"    // Prefix with 0x
CONTRACT_ADDRESS=""

✍️ The CONTRACT_ADDRESS information will be added after deployment.

• Navigate to the script directory and create a new file named Batchsender.s.sol

• Add the following code for smart contract deployment
  

// SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
pragma solidity ^0.8.25;

import {Script, console} from "forge-std/Script.sol";
import {Batchsender} from "../src/Batchsender.sol";

contract BatchsenderScript is Script {
    Batchsender public batchsender;

    function setUp() public {}

    function run() public {
        // Save Private key as variable for reusability
        uint privateKey = vm.envUint("DEV_PRIVATE_KEY");

        // start deployment...with Private Key
        vm.startBroadcast(privateKey);

        // Log Account to the console
        address account = vm.addr(privateKey);
        console.log("Deployer Account address: ", account);

        batchsender = new Batchsender();

        vm.stopBroadcast();
    }
}

Step 8: Running the deployment script

• Load the environment information into the CLI

source .env

• Confirm the deployer's account address

forge script script/Batchsender.s.sol:BatchsenderScript

• This execution will return the wallet address associated with the deployer's private key.

[⠊] Compiling...
[⠑] Compiling 2 files with Solc 0.8.27
[⠘] Solc 0.8.27 finished in 650.26ms
Compiler run successful!
Script ran successfully.
Gas used: 259115

== Logs ==
  Deployer Account address:  0x4E1856E40D53e2893803f1da919F5daB713B215c

• Simulate the smart contract

forge script script/Batchsender.s.sol:BatchsenderScript --rpc-url $MORPH_RPC_URL

• Successful simulation result:

[⠊] Compiling...
No files changed, compilation skipped
Script ran successfully.

== Logs ==
  Deployer Account address:  0x4E1856E40D53e2893803f1da919F5daB713B215c

## Setting up 1 EVM.

==========================

Chain 2810

Estimated gas price: 0.15063575 gwei

Estimated total gas used for script: 340061

Estimated amount required: 0.00005122534378075 ETH

==========================

SIMULATION COMPLETE. To broadcast these transactions, add --broadcast and wallet configuration(s) to the previous command. See forge script --help for more.

✍️ This execution automatically creates a new directory named broadcast in the project for seamless smart contract deployment.

• Final execution for smart contract deployment

forge script script/Batchsender.s.sol:BatchsenderScript --rpc-url $MORPH_RPC_URL --broadcast --private-key $DEV_PRIVATE_KEY --legacy

• The deployment result should look like this:

[⠊] Compiling...
No files changed, compilation skipped
Script ran successfully.

== Logs ==
  Deployer Account address:  0x4E1856E40D53e2893803f1da919F5daB713B215c

## Setting up 1 EVM.

==========================

Chain 2810

Estimated gas price: 0.14963575 gwei

Estimated total gas used for script: 340061

Estimated amount required: 0.00005088528278075 ETH

==========================

##### 2810
✅  [Success]Hash: 0xe65413c0b8ff406c18c33b77c385bc3d46bcd9305030dd49aa2277d3c90bf69a
Contract Address: 0x8D69CCBf55ce078d9c9838a8861e0c827Dd4f2ff
Block: 11252084
Paid: 0.0000391521939875 ETH (261650 gas * 0.14963575 gwei)

✅ Sequence #1 on 2810 | Total Paid: 0.0000391521939875 ETH (261650 gas * avg 0.14963575 gwei)


==========================

ONCHAIN EXECUTION COMPLETE & SUCCESSFUL.

✍️ Copy the contract address to populate the CONTRACT_ADDRESS environment variable.

Step 9: Integrating the frontend with NextJs

npx create-next-app@latest 

✍️ Name your app frontend and select the default configuration for the rest of the prompt.

Step 10: Install plugins for development

Install the three (3) dependencies needed for the development of the client-side of the application.

npm install ethers bootstrap react-csv-importer

Step 11: Creating the frontend component

• Open the src directory
• The frontend component is structured in the app/page.js file
• To start afresh, replace the default code with the following:

"use client"

export default function Home() {
  return ();
}

• Update the imports:

"use client"

import { useState } from "react";
import { Importer, ImporterField } from "react-csv-importer";
import { ethers, Contract } from "ethers";

export default function Home() {
  return ();
}

• Import the contract ABI:

// Import contract ABI
import {abi as contractABI} from '../../../out/Batchsender.sol/Batchsender.json';

• Store the contract address in a variable:

// Contract address
const contractAddress = "0x8D69CCBf55ce078d9c9838a8861e0c827Dd4f2ff";

• Create an object variable for the blockchain explorer:

// Blockchain Explorer object
const blockchainExplorerUrl = {
  2810: "https://rpc-quicknode-holesky.morphl2.io",
};

• Update the state variables:

// Some code...

export default function Home() {

  // State variables
  const [payments, setPayments] = useState(undefined);
  const [sending, setSending] = useState(false);
  const [blockchainExplorer, setBlockchainExplorer] = useState();
  const [error, setError] = useState(false);
  const [transaction, setTransaction] = useState(false);

  return ();
}

• Create the function for sending payments

export default function Home() {
  // Some state variable codes...

    // Function for sending payments
    const sendPayments = async () => {
        // Connect to Metamask
        const provider = new ethers.BrowserProvider(window.ethereum);
        const signer = await provider.getSigner();

        const chainIdBigInt = (await provider.getNetwork()).chainId;
        const chainId = Number(chainIdBigInt); // convert to interger;

        setBlockchainExplorer(blockchainExplorerUrl[chainId.toString()]);

        // Show feedback to users
        setSending(true);

        // Format arguements for smart contract => Convert CSV row to column
        const { recipient, amount, total } = payments.reduce(
          (acc, val) => {
            acc.recipient.push(val.recipient);
            acc.amount.push(val.amount);
            acc.total += Number(val.amount);
            return acc;
          },
          {
            recipient: [],
            amount: [],
            total: 0,
          }
        );

        // Send transaction
        const batchsenderContract = new Contract(
          contractAddress,
          contractABI,
          signer
        );

        try {
          const transaction = await batchsenderContract.sendToken(
            recipient,
            amount,
            {
              value: total,
            }
          );
          const transactionReceipt = await transaction.wait();
          setTransaction(transactionReceipt.hash);
        } catch (error) {
          console.log(error);
          setError(true);
        }
      };

  return ( );
}

• Update the JSX component structure:

export default function Home() {

    // Some state variable and function codes...

    return (
        <>
        <div className="container-fluid mt-5 d-flex justify-content-center">
          <div id="content" className="row">
            <div id="content-inner" className="col">
              <div className="text-center">
                <h1 id="title" className="fw-bold">
                  BATCHSENDER
                </h1>
                <p id="sub-title" className="mt-4 fw-bold">
                  Send multiple payments <br />{" "}
                  <span>in just one transaction</span>
                </p>
              </div>
              <Importer
                dataHandler={(rows) => setPayments(rows)}
                defaultNoHeader={false} // optional, keeps "data has headers" checkbox off by default
                restartable={false} // optional, lets user choose to upload another file when import is complete
              >
                <ImporterField name="recipient" label="recipient" />
                <ImporterField name="amount" label="amount" />
                <ImporterField name="asset" label="asset" />
              </Importer>
              <div className="text-center">
                <button
                  className="btn btn-primary mt-5"
                  onClick={sendPayments}
                  disabled={sending || typeof payments === "undefined"}
                >
                  Send transactions
                </button>
              </div>
              {sending && (
                <div className="alert alert-info mt-4 mb-0">
                  Please wait while your transaction is being processed...
                </div>
              )}
              {transaction && (
                <div className="alert alert-success mt-4 mb-0">
                  Congrats! Transaction processed successfully. <br />
                  <a
                    href={`${blockchainExplorer}/${transaction}`}
                    target="_blank"
                  >{`${transaction.substr(0, 20)}...`}</a>
                </div>
              )}
              {error && (
                <div className="alert alert-danger mt-4 mb-0">
                  Oops...there was an error. Please try again later!
                </div>
              )}
            </div>
          </div>
        </div>
      </>
    );
  }

Step 12: Adding styles to the component

• Navigate to the src/app directory
• Create a new file named style.css
• Update style.css with the following code:

#content {
    width: 700px;
  }

  #content-inner {
    background-color: rgba(240, 240, 240);
    border-radius: 10px;
    padding: 1em;
  }

  #title {
    font-family: "Permanent Marker", cursive;
    font-size: 2em;
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 400;
  }

  #sub-title {
    font-size: 1.5em;
  }

  #sub-title span {
    border-bottom: 5px solid #085ed6;
  }

  #CSVImporter_Importer {
    margin-top: 3em;
  }

Step 13: Configure the layout structure

• Open the layout.js file
• Replace the code with the following:

import "bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css";
import "react-csv-importer/dist/index.css";
import "./style.css";

export const metadata = {
  title: "Batchsender",
  description: "Make multiple crypto payments in one click",
};

export default function RootLayout({ children }) {
  return (
    <html lang="en">
      <head>
        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" />
        <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin />
        <link
          href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Permanent+Marker&display=swap"
          rel="stylesheet"
        />
      </head>

      <body>{children}</body>
    </html>
  );
}

Step 14: Interacting with the DApp

• To start interacting with the DApp, launch project in the browser

npm run dev

• Create an Excel spreadsheet containing the information of your transaction in this format:

Recipient	Amount	Asset
Wallet Addr1	50	ETH
Wallet Addr2	100	ETH
Wallet Addr3	200	ETH

• Export this file to a Comma Separated Values .csv file
• Drag and drop your .csv file on the marked area or click to select one from your files

• Select Choose columns to load-up the information
• Click the Import button to import the information to the DApp for processing

• Select Send transactions to make payments in one click

Conclusion

In this complete guide, we have successfully used the most recent blockchain development tools to build and deploy a dynamic decentralized application on the Morph blockchain, which is a Layer 2 solution that combines the benefits of both zK and Optimistic rollups for secure and rapid transactions.
Happy hacking... 🎉

Comments

[Isiaq A. Tajudeen]

Wow... this is absolutely insane. Just getting to know Morph blockchain. Gonna explore asap

[Abdulmuhmin Sodiq]

Well detailed, getting familiar with foundry, kudos