What are Single Page Applications (SPAs)?

Traditional multi-page web applications require a full page reload for each interaction with the application. This adversely affects the user experience of the application. Single Page Applications (SPAs) entered the game as a solution for this issue.

Single Page Applications are web applications that load a single HTML page and dynamically update the content as the user interacts with the app without fully reloading the page. This seamless user experience has been achieved with the help of JavaScript.

Advantages of SPAs

• Improved performance: Reduced server load and decreased page reload times enhance performance significantly.
• Better user experience: Smooth interactions without page reloads contribute to a better user experience.
• Scalability and maintainability: The modular architecture of SPAs makes them easier to scale and maintain.

Challenges when using SPAs

• SEO challenges: SEO web crawlers read HTML easily. When the content is updated with JavaScript, it can be difficult for search engines to index.
• Higher initial load time: The initial page load can take more time due to the large JavaScript bundle at the initial load.
• Browser compatibility: Additional effort is needed to ensure performance across different browsers, especially in older versions.

Most used frameworks/libraries for building SPAs

• React: A JavaScript library developed by Facebook, which uses a virtual DOM and manipulates the real DOM efficiently.
• Angular: A JavaScript framework backed by Google, with a wide range of features including two-way data binding.
• Vue.js: A lightweight JavaScript library praised for its simplicity and flexibility.

Examples of SPAs

• React: Facebook, Netflix, Airbnb
• Angular: Gmail, Upwork, Forbes
• Vue.js: GitLab, Behance, Wix

Conclusion
These SPA frameworks are continuously evolving to overcome these issues with features such as server side rendering. However, SPAs may not be the most suitable for each case. Therefore, consider the requirement of the application when selecting the SPA approach.