Difference between call(), apply(), and bind() with example

call(), apply(), and bind() are methods that allow you to change the this context in JavaScript.

🔹 Differences & Examples

1️⃣ call()

• Calls a function immediately with a specified this value.
• Arguments are passed individually.

function greet(language) {
  console.log(`${this.name} speaks ${language}`);
}

const person = { name: "Hemant" };
greet.call(person, "JavaScript"); 
// Output: Hemant speaks JavaScript

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2️⃣ apply()

• Works like call(), but arguments are passed as an array.

greet.apply(person, ["ReactJS"]); 
// Output: Hemant speaks ReactJS

---

3️⃣ bind()

• Does NOT call the function immediately.
• Returns a new function with the this value fixed.

const greetPerson = greet.bind(person);
greetPerson("TypeScript"); 
// Output: Hemant speaks TypeScript

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📌 Summary

Method	Calls Function Immediately?	Arguments
call()	✅ Yes	Passed individually
apply()	✅ Yes	Passed as an array
bind()	❌ No (Returns new function)	Passed individually

✅ Use call() when passing individual arguments.

✅ Use apply() when passing an array of arguments.

✅ Use bind() when you need a reusable function with a fixed this.