swapcase, title & capitalize in Python

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*Memo for a string and byte string(bytes and bytearray) functions:

• My post explains upper(), lower() and casefold().
• My post explains isupper(), islower() and istitle().
• My post explains encode() and decode().

*Memo for a string and byte string(bytes and bytearray):

• My post explains a string.
• My post explains a byte string.

str.swapcase() and bytes.swapcase() or bytearray.swapcase() can swap each character's case and byte's case of the string and byte string respectively from uppercase to lowercase and from lowercase to uppercasee as shown below:

*Memo:

• Each has no arguments.

<String>:

v = 'hElLo WoRlD'

print(v.swapcase())
# HeLlO wOrLd

v = 'ß' # Lowercase German Alphabet

print(v.swapcase())
# SS

v = 'ẞ' # Uppercase German Alphabet

print(v.swapcase())
# ß # Lowercase German Alphabet

<Byte String(bytes & bytearray)>:

v1 = b'hElLo WoRlD'
v2 = bytearray(b'hElLo WoRlD')

print(v1.swapcase())
# b'HeLlO wOrLd'

print(v2.swapcase())
# bytearray(b'HeLlO wOrLd')

# Lowercase German Alphabet
v1 = 'ß'.encode()
v1 = b'\xc3\x9f'
v2 = bytearray(b'\xc3\x9f')

print(v1.swapcase())
# b'\xc3\x9f'

print(v2.swapcase())
# bytearray(b'\xc3\x9f')

# Uppercase German Alphabet
v1 = 'ẞ'.encode()
v1 = b'\xe1\xba\x9e'
v2 = bytearray(b'\xe1\xba\x9e')

print(v1.swapcase())
# b'\xe1\xba\x9e'

print(v2.swapcase())
# bytearray(b'\xe1\xba\x9e')

str.title() and bytes.title() or bytearray.title() can make the string and byte string titlecased respectively as shown below:

*Memo:

• Each has no arguments.

<String>:

v = 'hElLo WoRlD'

print(v.title())
# Hello World

v = 'ß' # Lowercase German Alphabet

print(v.title())
# Ss

v = 'ẞ' # Uppercase German Alphabet

print(v.title())
# ẞ # Uppercase German Alphabet

<Byte String(bytes & bytearray)>:

v1 = b'hElLo WoRlD'
v2 = bytearray(b'hElLo WoRlD')

print(v1.title())
# b'Hello World'

print(v2.title())
# bytearray(b'Hello World')

# Lowercase German Alphabet
v1 = 'ß'.encode()
v1 = b'\xc3\x9f'
v2 = bytearray(b'\xc3\x9f')

print(v1.title())
# b'\xc3\x9f'

print(v2.title())
# bytearray(b'\xc3\x9f')

# Uppercase German Alphabet
v1 = 'ẞ'.encode()
v1 = b'\xe1\xba\x9e'
v2 = bytearray(b'\xe1\xba\x9e')

print(v1.title())
# b'\xe1\xba\x9e'

print(v2.title())
# bytearray(b'\xe1\xba\x9e')

str.capitalize() and bytes.capitalize() or bytearray.capitalize() can capitalize the string and byte string respectively as shown below:

*Memo:

• Each has no arguments.

<String>:

v = 'hello world'

print(v.capitalize())
# Hello world

v = 'ß' # Lowercase German Alphabet

print(v.capitalize())
# Ss

v = 'ẞ' # Uppercase German Alphabet

print(v.capitalize())
# ẞ # Uppercase German Alphabet

<Byte String(bytes & bytearray)>:

v1 = b'hello world'
v2 = bytearray(b'hello world')

print(v1.capitalize())
# b'Hello world'

print(v2.capitalize())
# bytearray(b'Hello world')

# Lowercase German Alphabet
v1 = 'ß'.encode()
v1 = b'\xc3\x9f'
v2 = bytearray(b'\xc3\x9f')

print(v1.capitalize())
# b'\xc3\x9f'

print(v2.capitalize())
# bytearray(b'\xc3\x9f')

# Uppercase German Alphabet
v1 = 'ẞ'.encode()
v1 = b'\xe1\xba\x9e'
v2 = bytearray(b'\xe1\xba\x9e')

print(v1.capitalize())
# b'\xe1\xba\x9e'

print(v2.capitalize())
# bytearray(b'\xe1\xba\x9e')