*Memo:
- My post explains a tuple (2).
- My post explains a tuple (3).
- My post explains a tuple (4).
- My post explains a tuple (5).
- My post explains a tuple (6).
- My post explains tuple functions.
- My post explains a tuple comprehension.
- My post explains a tuple shallow and deep copy.
- My post explains a list (1).
- My post explains a set (1).
- My post explains a frozenset (1).
- My post explains a dictionary (1).
- My post explains an iterator (1).
- My post explains a string (1).
- My post explains a bytes (1).
- My post explains a bytearray (1).
- My post explains a range (1).
A tuple:
- is the ordered immutable(hashable) collection of zero or more elements whose type is
tuple:- Ordered means that the order of each element in a tuple is kept so it guarantees that the order is always the same.
- Immutable(Hashable) means the elements of a tuple cannot be changed.
- allows duplicated elements.
- can have any types of elements.
- can be used with len() to get the length.
- is
Trueif it's non-empty andFalseif it's empty, checking it with bool(). - is
Falseif it's non-empty andTrueif it's empty, inverting the truth value withnotkeyword. - can be checked if a specific element is and isn't in the tuple with
inkeyword and withnotandinkeyword respectively. - can be checked if the tuple is and isn't referred to by two variables with
iskeyword and withisandnotkeyword respectively:- Be careful, tuple literals with
iskeyword and withisandnotkeyword get warnings so use==and!=respectively.
- Be careful, tuple literals with
- and other tuple can be checked if all the elements in:
- them are and aren't the same with
==and!=respectively. - the tuple are in other tuple with
<=. - other tuple are in the tuple with
>=. - the tuple and other elements are in other tuple with
<. - other tuple and other elements are in the tuple with
>.
- them are and aren't the same with
- and other tuple cannot be checked if they have and don't have their common elements with
bool()and&and withnotkeyword and&respectively. - can be enlarged with
*and a number. - and other tuples can be concatenated with
+. - and other tuples cannot return:
- all the elements in them with
'|'(Union: A ∪ B). - their common elements with
'&'(Intersection: A ∩ B). - the elements in the tuple which aren't in other tuples with
'-'(Difference: A - B).
- all the elements in them with
- and other tuple cannot return the elements in the tuple but not in other tuple or not in the tuple but in other tuple with
'^'(Symmetric Difference: A Δ B). - can be iterated with a
forstatement. - can be unpacked with an assignment and
forstatement, function and*but not with**. - can be created by
()and/or',', by tuple() with or without an iterable and by a tuple comprehension:- For
tuple(), the words type conversion are also suitable in addition to the word creation.
- For
- cannot be big because it gets
MemoryError. - can be read by indexing and slicing.
- cannot be changed by indexing, slicing and a del statement.
- can be continuously used through multiple variables.
- cannot be shallow-copied by copy.copy(), tuple().
- cannot be deep-copied and even shallow-copied by copy.deepcopy().
Be careful, a big tuple gets MemoryError.
MemoryError.() and/or ',' can create a tuple as shown below:
v = () # Empty 1D tuple
v = (0,) # 1D tuple
v = 0, # 1D tuple
v = (0) # int not tuple
v = 0 # int not tuple
v = (0), # 1D tuple
v = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) # 1D tuple
v = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 # 1D tuple
v = (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2) # 1D tuple
v = ((0,),) # 2D tuple
v = (((0),)), # 2D tuple
v = (0, 1, 2, 3, (4, 5, 6, 7)) # 2D tuple
v = ((0, 1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7)) # 2D tuple
v = (((0,),),) # 3D tuple
v = (((((0),)),)), # 3D tuple
v = ((0, 1, 2, 3), ((4, 5), (6, 7))) # 3D tuple
v = (((0, 1), (2, 3)), ((4, 5), (6, 7))) # 3D tuple
# No error
v = (0, 0.0, 0.0+0.0j, False)
v = (1, 1.0, 1.0+0.0j, True)
v = ('A', b'A', bytearray(b'A'), 2, 2.3, 2.3+4.5j, True,
[2, 3], (2, 3), {2, 3}, frozenset({2, 3}), {'A':'a'},
range(2, 3), iter([2, 3]))
print(len((0, 1, 2, 3, 4)))
print(bool((0,)))
print(bool(((),)))
print(bool(()))
print(not (0,))
print(not ((),))
print(not ())
print('A' in ('A', ('B', 'C')))
print('A' not in ('A', ('B', 'C')))
print((0, 1, 2) is (0, 1, 2)) # It gets warning so use `==`.
print((0, 1, 2) is not (0, 1, 2)) # It gets warning so use `!=`.
print((0, 1, 2) == (0, 1, 2))
print((0, 1, 2) != (0, 1, 2))
print((0, 1, 2) <= (0, 1, 2))
print((0, 1, 2) >= (0, 1, 2))
print((0, 1, 2) < (0, 1, 2))
print((0, 1, 2) > (0, 1, 2))
v = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) * 3
v = ('A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E') * 3
v = () * 3
v = (0, 1, 2) + ((3, 4),) + (((5, 6, 7, 8),),)
for x in (0, 1, 2, 3, 4): pass
for x in ((0, 1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7)): pass
for x in (((0, 1), (2, 3)), ((4, 5), (6, 7))): pass
v1, v2, v3 = (0, 1, 2)
v1, *v2, v3 = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5)
for v1, v2, v3 in ((0, 1, 2), (3, 4, 5)): pass
for v1, *v2, v3 in ((0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5), (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)): pass
print(*(0, 1), 2, *(3, 4, *(5,)))
print((*(0, 1), 2, *(3, 4, *(5,))))
v = tuple(x**2 for x in (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7))
v = tuple(tuple(y**2 for y in x) for x in ((0, 1, 2, 3), (4, 5, 6, 7)))
v = tuple(tuple(tuple(z**2 for z in y) for y in x) for x in
(((0, 1), (2, 3)), ((4, 5), (6, 7))))
# No error
print(bool((0, 1, 2) & (1, 3)))
print(not ((0, 1, 2) & (1, 3)))
print((0, 4) | (0, 2, 4) | (0, 1, 3, 4))
print((0, 4) & (0, 2, 4) & (0, 1, 3, 4))
print((0, 4) - (0, 2, 4) - (0, 1, 3, 4))
print((0, 1, 2, 3) ^ (0, 2, 4))
v = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4) * 1000000000
v = tuple(range(1000000000))
v = tuple(x for x in range(1000000000))
# Error
A tuple is the ordered immutable(hashable) collection of zero or more elements whose type is tuple as shown below:
v = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
v = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4
print(v)
# (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
print(type(v))
# <class 'tuple'>
v[1] = 'X'
v[3] = 'Y'
# TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment
v = (0,)
v = 0,
v = ((0,))
print(v)
# (0,)
v = () # Empty tuple
print(v)
# ()
A tuple allows duplicated elements as shown below:
v = (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2)
print(v)
# (0, 1, 2, 0, 1, 2)
v = (0, 0.0, 0.0+0.0j, False)
print(v)
# (0, 0.0, 0j, False)
v = (1, 1.0, 1.0+0.0j, True)
print(v)
# (1, 1.0, (1+0j), True)
A tuple can have any types of elements as shown below:
v = ('A', b'A', bytearray(b'A'), 2, 2.3, 2.3+4.5j, True,
[2, 3], (2, 3), {2, 3}, frozenset({2, 3}), {'A':'a'},
range(2, 3), iter([2, 3]))
print(v)
# ('A', b'A', bytearray(b'A'), 2, 2.3, (2.3+4.5j), True,
# [2, 3], (2, 3), {2, 3}, frozenset({2, 3}), {'A': 'a'},
# range(2, 3), <list_iterator object at 0x000001F3B99BF250>)
A tuple can be used with len() to get the length as shown below:
v = (0, 1, 2, 3, 4)
print(len(v))
# 5
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