Matanuska ADR 015 - String Concatenation Operator

This article is a repost of an ADR from Matanuska BASIC, my attempt to write a BASIC interpreter in TypeScript.

Context

Atto

While researching fantasy consoles, I learned about a BASIC implementation called Atto. In its "from BASIC" doc, it mentions that it uses ; as its string concatenation operator.

This seems like an odd decision. But it makes sense when you remember that print in traditional BASIC use ; to separate expressions. As I understand it, this is ad-hoc syntax in those commands. What Atto does here is take this syntax and generalizes it. That makes it a very interesting and clever design choice.

Matanuska BASIC's Current Behavior

Currently, Matanuska BASIC treats + as a concatenation operator. This isn't an unusual choice - BASIC8 goes this route, for example. It's also consistent with many modern languages, such as Python.

Traditional BASIC Behavior

The ECMA-55 Standard describes ; as solely a mechanic within print statements. Other statements which similarly take multiple arguments use , to separate them. In fact, print will allow expressions to be separated by , as well, but treats , and ; differently - put a pin in that.

The specification for PRINT is... interesting. It specifies fixed-width "zones" for print output within a fixed-width "margin". The specification ensures that numbers can be formatted in a way where they'll always fit within one of these zones. It then specifies that, while ; is treated as a concatenation operator, , generates enough space to align the following value to the next zone. TAB(<n>) is treated as special syntax which "tabs over" n number of zones. If a print statement ends in a ; or ,, a newline is not generated and the following print statement appends to the end of that line. Finally, if a print statement has enough values that it overflows the margin (or outputs a string which is long enough to do the same), it inserts newlines as-needed to avoid clipping.

Decision

Matanuska will continue to use the + operator for general purpose string concatenation.

First, + is common and well-understood in many modern languages, while ; would be considered strange and unusual. Honestly, that's enough.

But second, ; isn't treated as a concatenation operator in traditional print statements, as much as it is treated as special syntax for formatting print output - and it's odd syntax at that. Rather than implement ; as a general purpose string concatenation operator, I'd rather leave print statements as a potential odd duck - or possibly avoid traditional semantics altogether, in favor of either echo-like behavior or shell-like string "templating".