Software development is not just about writing code — it’s about writing clean, scalable, and maintainable code. One of the best tools we have for that is Design Patterns.
Design patterns give us reusable solutions to common problems in software engineering. They help us organize complexity, reduce duplication, and future-proof our applications.
Here’s a quick breakdown of design patterns you should know as you grow from Junior → Senior Developer:
🟢 Junior Level
- Focus: Object creation & organization
- Builder → Build complex objects step by step
- Factory Method → Hide object creation details
- Singleton → Only one instance exists across the system
- Decorator → Add new features without touching old code
💡 These patterns help you create and extend objects cleanly.
🔴 Middle Level
- Focus: Flexibility & modularity
- Strategy → Swap algorithms without changing the caller
- Adapter → Connect classes with different interfaces
- Abstract Factory → Create families of objects
- Template Method → Let subclasses change specific steps
- Facade → Hide system complexity under a simple API
- Bridge → Separate abstraction from implementation
- Command → Wrap actions, allow undo/redo
- Mediator → Reduce direct links between classes
💡 Here, you start writing modular, reusable, and testable code.
⚪ Senior Level
- Focus: Complex structures & optimization
- Prototype → Copy objects without rebuilding them
- Composite → Treat a group of objects like a single one
- Chain of Responsibility → Pass requests along handlers
- State → Encapsulate states in their own classes
- Flyweight → Share data to save memory
- Proxy → Control access and hide complexity
- Visitor → Add new actions without changing classes
- Interpreter → Run a small language or rule set
💡 These patterns are about system-level thinking and performance.
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