How does a browser work under the hood?

When we type a URL and press Enter, a lot happens behind the scenes:

1. DNS Lookup → Finds the server’s IP
2. Request → Sends HTTP/HTTPS request to the server
3. Response → Server sends back HTML, CSS, JS, images
4. Parsing → HTML → DOM CSS → CSSOM JS → executed by JavaScript engine
5. Render Tree → Combines DOM + CSSOM
6. Layout → Calculates size & position of elements
7. Painting → Draws pixels on the screen
8. Compositing → Layers combined for smooth rendering

Browsers also manage caching, security, and optimization to keep things fast & safe.

Every website you visit runs through this pipeline in milliseconds!

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