Solidity interview question #1

The Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) is an integral part of the Ethereum blockchain. It serves as the core infrastructure of the blockchain, allowing the execution of smart contracts. The EVM is a runtime environment for smart contracts in Ethereum, and it is completely isolated, meaning that code running inside the EVM has no access to the network, filesystem, or other processes

Solidity is a programming language specifically designed for creating and deploying smart contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. Smart contracts are written in Solidity and then compiled into bytecode, which can be executed by the EVM

To better understand the relationship between EVM and Solidity, let's consider an example. Suppose you want to create a simple smart contract for a voting system. You would write the smart contract using Solidity, defining the rules and logic for voting and counting votes. Here's a basic example of a smart contract written in Solidity:

pragma solidity ^0.8.0;

contract Voting {
    mapping(address => uint) public votes;

    function castVote(uint candidateId) public {
        require(candidateId >= 1 && candidateId <= 3, "Invalid candidate ID");
        votes[msg.sender] = candidateId;
    }

    function getVote() public view returns (uint) {
        return votes[msg.sender];
    }
}

In this example, the Voting contract allows users to cast their vote for a candidate with a specific ID. The votes are stored in a mapping, and users can also check their previously cast vote.

After writing the smart contract in Solidity, you would compile it into bytecode. The bytecode is then deployed to the Ethereum blockchain, where it can be executed by the EVM. When users interact with the smart contract, the EVM processes the transactions and ensures that the smart contract's logic is executed correctly and securely