DEV Community

ntoledo319
ntoledo319

Posted on • Originally published at eolkits.com

"TypeError: crypto.createCipher is not a function — migrating to createCipheriv on Node.js 22 Lambda"

#aws #lambda #node #javascript

If you bumped a Lambda function to nodejs22.x and your handler now dies on the first crypto call, this is the wall:

TypeError: crypto.createCipher is not a function
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

The function is simply gone from the crypto object in Node.js 22. Here is the full story and the migration path.

Why it was removed

crypto.createCipher(algorithm, password) derived the encryption key internally using OpenSSL's EVP_BytesToKey: MD5 digest, one iteration, no salt. That's broken in two ways:

  • No salt — the same password always produces the same key, enabling precomputation and dictionary attacks.
  • One MD5 iteration — passwords can be tested at billions of guesses per second on commodity hardware.

The deprecation warning (DEP0106) started in Node.js v10 as docs-only and became a runtime DeprecationWarning in v11. Node.js 22.0.0 made it end-of-life — the function was deleted. crypto.createDecipher went with it for the same reason.

The deprecation schedule:

Node.js version Status
v10.0.0 Documentation-only deprecation
v11.0.0 Runtime DeprecationWarning
v22.0.0 Removed (End-of-Life)

Lambda runtimes that hit this removal: anything moved to nodejs22.x. The Lambda deprecation timeline: nodejs20.x is already deprecated (April 30, 2026, no more security patches); create-block and update-block land on February 1, 2027 and March 3, 2027 respectively — so teams upgrading ahead of Q1-2027 are hitting this now.

The fix: crypto.createCipheriv with explicit key derivation

The replacement is crypto.createCipheriv(algorithm, key, iv), which requires you to supply a key and IV explicitly. That forces proper key derivation.

Before (broken on Node.js 22):

const crypto = require('crypto');

function encrypt(text, password) {
  const cipher = crypto.createCipher('aes-256-cbc', password);
  return cipher.update(text, 'utf8', 'hex') + cipher.final('hex');
}

function decrypt(ciphertext, password) {
  const decipher = crypto.createDecipher('aes-256-cbc', password);
  return decipher.update(ciphertext, 'hex', 'utf8') + decipher.final('utf8');
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

After (Node.js 22 compatible):

const crypto = require('crypto');

const ALGORITHM = 'aes-256-cbc';
const KEY_LEN = 32;  // 256 bits
const IV_LEN = 16;   // 128 bits

function encrypt(text, password) {
  const salt = crypto.randomBytes(16);
  const iv = crypto.randomBytes(IV_LEN);
  // scrypt is the recommended key derivation function
  const key = crypto.scryptSync(password, salt, KEY_LEN);
  const cipher = crypto.createCipheriv(ALGORITHM, key, iv);
  const ciphertext = cipher.update(text, 'utf8', 'hex') + cipher.final('hex');
  // Store salt + iv + ciphertext so we can decrypt later
  return `${salt.toString('hex')}:${iv.toString('hex')}:${ciphertext}`;
}

function decrypt(payload, password) {
  const [saltHex, ivHex, ciphertext] = payload.split(':');
  const salt = Buffer.from(saltHex, 'hex');
  const iv = Buffer.from(ivHex, 'hex');
  const key = crypto.scryptSync(password, salt, KEY_LEN);
  const decipher = crypto.createDecipheriv(ALGORITHM, key, iv);
  return decipher.update(ciphertext, 'hex', 'utf8') + decipher.final('utf8');
}
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Key differences:

  1. Random salt per encryption — crypto.randomBytes(16) prevents precomputation.
  2. crypto.scryptSync for key derivation — memory-hard, resistant to GPU/ASIC brute-force. crypto.pbkdf2Sync is an acceptable alternative if you need async-friendly code.
  3. Explicit IV — passed to createCipheriv; stored alongside the ciphertext so decryption works.

For async-heavy Lambda handlers, use crypto.scrypt (callback) or wrap scryptSync in a non-blocking path — scryptSync is CPU-intensive and can block the event loop on weak runtimes if called for every request.

Decrypting data encrypted with the old API

The harder case is existing ciphertext produced by createCipher. EVP_BytesToKey used MD5 with an 8-byte salt (OpenSSL's magic: the first 8 bytes of the ciphertext after the Salted__ prefix, if the -p flag was used, or just MD5 otherwise). You need to reproduce that derivation once to read old data.

If you control the old data and can re-encrypt it, do that now:

  1. Read existing ciphertext using an older Node.js version (≤21) or a temporary environment with the old function.
  2. Decrypt to plaintext.
  3. Re-encrypt with the new createCipheriv pattern above.
  4. Replace stored ciphertext with the new form.

This is the durable path. The --openssl-legacy-provider flag does not restore createCipher — it only re-enables the legacy hash provider for build tools; the removed function is gone regardless.

Check for it in dependencies

Your own code may not call createCipher directly, but a dependency might. Find it:

grep -r "createCipher\b\|createDecipher\b" node_modules/ --include="*.js" -l
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

Upgrade any hit to a current release. If no upgrade exists, vendor a patched copy or open an issue — this has been a known removal since 2019.

Confirm the runtime before deploying 

aws lambda get-function-configuration \
  --function-name <your-function-name> \
  --query Runtime
Enter fullscreen mode Exit fullscreen mode

If it still says nodejs20.x — already deprecated, no security patches since April 30, 2026 — plan the move to nodejs22.x now, not on the block date.

If you're not sure which Lambda functions in your account are on deprecated runtimes or have crypto issues like this one, the free EOLkits scanner flags them across all regions in about 30 seconds — nothing uploaded. Full per-error fix reference: eolkits.com/fix/node-crypto-createcipher-is-not-a-function.

Top comments (0)