Computer Networks: What is Protocol?

'Protocol' is a term frequently used in discussions about computer networks, but have you ever paused to consider what it signifies and how it functions?
In this article, I will write about the very basic concept of 'protocol'.

1. What is the protocol?
2. Various Types of Protocols
3. Protocol for Packet Switching

What is the protocol?

In short, a protocol is a set of rules that computers follow to communicate. Just as you use English with your friends, knowing the rules of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation, computers also use specific rules for communication, which we call protocols.

If the protocol is different between computers, they cannot do data communications like you cannot communicate with people who use a different language.

Various Types of Protocols

Here are some examples of protocols:

1. IP (Internet Protocol)

Rules used for Internet-like communications

2. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)

Rules used for transferring files

3. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)

Rules used for sending emails

4. POP (Post Office Protocol)

Rules used for retrieving emails

5. IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)

Rules used for accessing emails

6. HTTP(Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

Rules used for viewing web pages

7. TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

Rules used for secure communications

8. UDP (User Datagram Protocol)

Rules used for fast communications

Protocol for Packet Switching

Packet switching is the transfer of small pieces of data across various networks.

The process of packet switching in network communications is quite similar to the way parcels are handled in postal services. When sending data, attach a header to each packet of data, which contains not only the addresses but also a sequence number. These packets are easier to send across the network because they can travel independently of each other. Upon reaching their destination, these packets are then reassembled into their original form.

In my next post, I will write about the concept of protocol layering. This is a model that simplifies network protocols by dividing the necessary functions into seven distinct layers. By segmenting functions, this model helps to manage and optimize communications more efficiently.