In Windows, files and directories have a set of permissions that can be assigned to individual users or groups. These permissions include Read, Write, Execute, and many others.
- Read (R): Allows reading the file's contents.
- Write (W): Permits modifying the file's contents.
- Execute (X): Enables executing the file as a program.
Changing File Permissions with icacls
You can use the icacls
command to modify access permissions for files and directories.
C:\> icacls file.txt /grant John:R # Grant read permission to John
C:\> icacls file.txt /deny John:W # Deny write permission to John
Changing File Owner with takeown
The takeown
command lets you change the owner of files and directories.
C:\> takeown /F file.txt /A # Change the file's owner to the Administrators group
Viewing File Permissions with icacls
The icacls
command displays file and directory access permissions, owner, and other details.
C:\> icacls file.txt
file.txt NT AUTHORITY\SYSTEM:(I)(F)
BUILTIN\Administrators:(I)(F)
BUILTIN\Users:(I)(RX)
Understanding and managing permissions and ownership is crucial for maintaining security and proper access control in a Windows system.
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