An abstraction for React internationalization messages

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This post was first published on my blog: Building an abstraction for React internationalization messages.

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I came across a feature I wanted to build and part of it included rendering an internationalized text based on a data type from the API. This API can return three types: common, password, or biometry. And we use it to build our EntryInfo component.

For the common type, the API response looks like this:

{
  type: 'common',
  ownerName: 'TK',
  password: null
}

The type is common, the password is null, and the ownerName is present as a string.

For the password type:

{
  type: 'password',
  ownerName: null,
  password: 'lololol'
}

The type is password, the ownerName is null, but password is present as a string.

And for the biometry type:

{
  type: 'biometry',
  ownerName: null,
  password: null
}

The type is biometry, without a ownerName and the password.

These are the three possible payloads we receive from the API. And I needed to render an internationalized text based on this data.

The logic to build the message text based on the type and the other values is:

• when type is 'Common', it renders 'Owner {ownerName} will be there'
• when type is 'Password', it renders 'Password: {password}'
• when type is 'Biometry', it renders 'Type: biometry'
• when type is null, it renders 'Call the owner'

So the first thing I did was to build the message definitions:

import { defineMessages } from 'react-intl';

export const messages = defineMessages({
  common: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.owner',
    defaultMessage: 'Owner {ownerName} will be there',
  },
  password: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.password',
    defaultMessage: 'Password: {password}',
  },
  biometry: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.biometry',
    defaultMessage: 'Type: biometry',
  },
  defaultMessage: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.defaultMessage',
    defaultMessage: 'Call the owner',
  },
}

The EntryInfo component would be like:

const EntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  let entryInfo;

  if (type === 'common') {
    entryInfo = intl.format(messages.common, { ownerName });
  } else if (type === 'password') {
    entryInfo = intl.format(messages.password, { password });
  } else if (type === 'biometry') {
    entryInfo = intl.format(messages.biometry);
  } else {
    entryInfo = intl.format(messages.defaultMessage);
  }

  return <p>{entryInfo}</p>
}

export default injectIntl(EntryInfo);

To follow the defined logic, I just added an if-elseif-else to render the appropriate message using the intl.format function. It's straightforward, the intl.format function receives the appropriate message and returns the entry info text and pass it to the component to render.

But I could separate it in a helper function getEntryInfo to separate the logic from the UI component. I could also export it to unit test it without too much complication.

I also pass the intl object to this new function to return the correct string.

const getEntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  if (type === 'common') {
    return intl.format(messages.common, { ownerName });
  } else if (type === 'password') {
    return intl.format(messages.password, { password });
  } else if (type === 'biometry') {
    return intl.format(messages.biometry);
  } else {
    return intl.format(messages.defaultMessage);
  }
};

const EntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  const entryInfo = getEntryInfo({ type, password, ownerName, intl });

  return <p>{entryInfo}</p>
}

export default injectIntl(EntryInfo);

This logic looks more like a switch case comparing just the type value. So just a minor refactor in the getEntryInfo:

const getEntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case 'Common':
      return intl.format(messages.common, { ownerName });
    case 'Password':
      return intl.format(messages.password, { password });
    case 'Biometry':
      return intl.format(messages.biometry);
    default:
      return intl.format(messages.defaultMessage);    
  }
};

The type is hardcoded, so we could also refactor these constants using an enum:

const ENTRY_INFO_TYPES = Object.freeze({
  COMMON: 'Common',
  PASSWORD: 'Password',
  BIOMETRY: 'Biometry',
});

const getEntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.COMMON:
      return intl.format(messages.common, { ownerName });
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.PASSWORD:
      return intl.format(messages.password, { password });
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.BIOMETRY:
      return intl.format(messages.biometry);
    default:
      return intl.format(messages.defaultMessage);    
  }
};

Now we are good to go.

Thinking about cohesion, I thought the getEntryInfo function did know too much about how the component renders the message text (by using intl).

One idea is to think about the single responsibility of each function.

So, for the getEntryInfo function, we can remove the intl parameter as a dependency and build the message object, instead of returning a string.

const getEntryInfoMessage = ({ type, password, ownerName }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.COMMON:
      return { message: messages.common, values: { ownerName } };
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.PASSWORD:
      return { message: messages.password, values: { password } };
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.BIOMETRY:
      return { message: messages.biometry, values: {} };
    default:
      return { message: messages.defaultMessage, values: {} };
  }
};

And use like this in the component:

const EntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  const entryInfoMessage = getEntryInfoMessage({ type, password, ownerName });

  return <p>
    {intl.format(
      entryInfoMessage.message,
      entryInfoMessage.values
    )}
  </p>
}

As a component refactor, we can destructure the message object:

const EntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  const { message, values } = getEntryInfoMessage({ type, password, ownerName });

  return <p>{intl.format(message, values)}</p>;
}

It is more readable and less verbose.

For the message object, we can build a simple function to handle the message object creation:

const buildMessageObject = (message, values = {}) => ({
  message,
  values,
});

const getEntryInfoMessage = ({ type, password, ownerName }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.COMMON:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.common, { ownerName });
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.PASSWORD:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.password, { password });
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.BIOMETRY:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.biometry);
    default:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.defaultMessage);
  }
};

Take a look at the values = {} argument. We add this empty object as the default value to not need to pass anything in the biometry and default cases.

Without the intl dependency, it's easier to use and test the function. It relies only upon the data, not on the dependencies anymore.

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The final component

The complete component with all the separated logic is more cohesive. Each part has its own responsibility and it helps to reduce the coupling.

const messages = defineMessages({
  common: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.owner',
    defaultMessage: 'Owner {ownerName} will be there',
  },
  password: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.password',
    defaultMessage: 'Password: {password}',
  },
  biometry: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.biometry',
    defaultMessage: 'Type: biometry',
  },
  defaultMessage: {
    id: 'app.containers.entryInfo.default',
    defaultMessage: 'Call the owner',
  },
}

const ENTRY_INFO_TYPES = Object.freeze({
  COMMON: 'Common',
  PASSWORD: 'Password',
  BIOMETRY: 'Biometry',
});

const buildMessageObject = (message, values = {}) => ({
  message,
  values,
});

const getEntryInfoMessage = ({ type, password, ownerName }) => {
  switch (type) {
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.COMMON:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.common, { ownerName });
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.PASSWORD:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.password, { password });
    case ENTRY_INFO_TYPES.BIOMETRY:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.biometry);
    default:
      return buildMessageObject(messages.defaultMessage);
  }
};

const EntryInfo = ({ type, password, ownerName, intl }) => {
  const { message, values } = getEntryInfoMessage({ type, password, ownerName });

  return <p>{intl.format(message, values)}</p>;
}

export default injectIntl(EntryInfo);

Resources

• Beginner JavaScript
• Learn ES6 - JavaScript
• Beginner React
• One Month Javascript Bootcamp
• The Road to learn React
• JavaScript Fundamentals Before Learning React
• Reintroducing React: V16 and Beyond
• Advanced React Patterns With Hooks
• React in Patterns
• Full Stack Advanced React
• High cohesion and low coupling
• Learn React by building an App