Kubernetes manages your containers across servers. Auto-scaling, rolling deployments, self-healing, and service discovery — the industry standard for production workloads.
When You Need Kubernetes
Docker Compose: great for 1 server. But when you need:
- Run containers across 10+ servers
- Auto-scale based on CPU/memory/requests
- Zero-downtime deployments
- Automatic restart of crashed containers
- Service-to-service networking and load balancing
Kubernetes handles all of this.
Core Concepts
Pod — smallest unit, 1+ containers sharing network
Deployment — manages replica sets of pods (scaling, updates)
Service — stable network endpoint for a set of pods
Ingress — HTTP routing (like nginx, but kubernetes-native)
ConfigMap/Secret — configuration and sensitive data
Namespace — isolation between teams/environments
What You Get for Free
Deployment:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: my-app
spec:
replicas: 3
selector:
matchLabels:
app: my-app
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: my-app
spec:
containers:
- name: app
image: my-app:latest
ports:
- containerPort: 3000
resources:
requests:
cpu: 100m
memory: 128Mi
limits:
cpu: 500m
memory: 512Mi
kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
kubectl get pods # 3 pods running
Auto-scaling:
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
spec:
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
name: my-app
minReplicas: 2
maxReplicas: 20
metrics:
- type: Resource
resource:
name: cpu
target:
type: Utilization
averageUtilization: 70
CPU above 70%? Kubernetes adds more pods. Traffic drops? Pods scale down.
Self-healing: Pod crashes → Kubernetes restarts it. Node dies → Kubernetes reschedules pods to healthy nodes.
Rolling deployments: Update image → new pods start → old pods drain → zero downtime.
Quick Start (Local)
# Docker Desktop includes Kubernetes
# Or use minikube:
minikube start
kubectl get nodes
If you're running more than 5 containers in production — Kubernetes pays for itself in operational savings.
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