UNIX Project started in -
1964 -> Bell Laboratory (New Jersey)
1969 -> Project was withdraw, but Dennis Ritchie and Ken Thompson were two persons who are involved with the project interested to keep going after long of trials and errors, they have built a Operating system(OS) named as originally UNICS (Uniplexed Information & Computing Services) which is open-source and free to use for all.
1975 -> Version of UNICS(or Unix) was launched with UNIX v6 which got lot of attention and recognition on global scale and become popular in less-time.
After this revolution was started to give the professional services to users, companies started creating their own flavour of version of UNIX.
UNIX based OS by different organizations.
1). IBM created AIX
2). SUN created Solaris
3). Mac created MacOS
4). HP created UX
History behind creation of LINUX Operating System
In 1991, Linux Torvalds(Software Engineer) created and wrote the LINUX Operating system from Scratch by taking inspiration from UNIX and Andrew S. Tanenbaum (Computer Scientist) - He created a Operating system for children to share and guide the information which he named as - MINIX.
Linux is free and open-source use for all users for multi-tasking and multi-user support.
Many versions are released after wide adoption of this operating systems by different companies on regular basis with different user-cases.
Various Versions available - RHEL(provides services), Fedora(group or community), Debian, Ubuntu(widely adopted for Use), CentOS(Fast compared to other versions), Amazon Linux, Kali Linux(Mostly under for Hacking Purposes) etc.
Ways to operate an Operating System ->
1). CLI(Command Line Interface) based in which commands are being used to give instructions to computer to perform the tasks.
2). GUI(Graphical User Interface) based in which graphics based system is available to us to click and perform the tasks.
Linux is Kernel not an Operating System
Linux is a Kernel along with GNU can termed as Operating System
Linux(Kernel) + GNU -> OS
Linux is not a UNIX derivative. It was written from Scratch.
A Linux Distribution is the Linux kernel and a collection of software that together, creates an Operating System.
Advantages/Features of Linux ->
1). Open-Source
2). Secure
3). Simplified updates for all Installed Software
4). Light Weight
5). Supports Multi-user and Multi-Tasking
6). Multiple distributions - RedHat, Debian, Fedora
Linux - File System Hierarchy in Detail
/home -> Home directory for other users.
/root -> It is home directory for root user.
/boot -> It contains bootable files for Linux.
/etc -> It contains all configuration files.
/usr -> by default software are installed in this directory.
/bin -> It contains commands used by all users.
/sbin -> It contains commands used by only root user.
/opt -> optional application software packages.
/dev -> essential device files, this include terminal devices, USBs or any device attached to the systems.
POST - Power on Self Test.
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