# Containerization and Container Orchestration

Project Review

Develop a microservices-based weather application. The implementation involves creating two microservices; one for fetching weather data and another for diplaying it. The primary objectives include containerizing these microservices using Docker, deploying them to a Kubernetes cluster, and accessing them through Nginx.

Phase 1: Basic Frontend Application with Docker and Kubernetes

Hypothetical Use Case

We are deploying a simple static website (HTML and CSS) for a company's landing page. The goal is to containerize this application using Docker, deploy it to a Kubernetes cluster, and access it through Nginx.

Task

1. Set up the project

• Create a new project directory.

'mkdir my-weather-app'

• Inside the directory, create HTML file ('index.html') and a CSS file ('styles.css').

'touch index.html'

• Copy and paste the code snippet below.

)

'touch styles.css'

• Copy and paste the code snippet below.

1. Initialize Git.

• Initialize a Git repository in the project directory.

'git init'

1. Git Commit.

• Add and commit the initial code to the Git repository.

'git add .'

'git commit -m "my first commit"'

1. Dockerize the application

• Create a 'Dockerfile' specfying Nginx as the base image.

'nano Dockerfile'

• Copy and paste the code snippet below into your Dockerfile.

• Copy your HTML and CSS files into the Nginx HTML directory.
  

'# Use official Nginx image
FROM nginx:latest

# Remove default Nginx static files
RUN rm -rf /usr/share/nginx/html/*

# Copy your HTML and CSS files into Nginx directory
COPY index.html /usr/share/nginx/html/
COPY styles.css /usr/share/nginx/html/

# Expose port 80
EXPOSE 80

# Start Nginx (already default, but explicit is fine)
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]'

• Build the Docker Image.

'docker build -t my-weather-app .'

• Run the container.

'docker run -p 8080:80 my-weather-app'

• Test in browser.

'http://localhost:8080'

1. Push to Docker Hub

• Log in to Docker Hub.

• Push the Docker image to Docker Hub.

• Create a repository named "my-weather-app".

• Log in to Docker Hub from the terminal.

'docker login'

• Tag your image correctly.

'docker images'

'docker tag my-weather-app bruyo/my-weather-app:latest'

• Push the Image.

'docker push bruyo/my-weather-app:latest'

1. Set up a Kind Kubernetes Cluster

• Install Kind (Kubernetes in Docker)

'choco install kind'

• Verify installation.

'kind version'

• Ensure that Docker is running, the docker desktop must be running as well.

'docker ps'

• Create a Kind cluster.

• Clean old broken cluster
  

'kind delete cluster'

'docker system prune -f'

'kind create cluster --image kindest/node:v1.29.2'

• Verify Cluster.

'kubectl get nodes'

• Deploy the Application.

'kubectl create deployment nginx --image=nginx'

'kubectl get pods'

• Expose Service.

'kubectl expose deployment nginx --type=NodePort --port=80'

• Get Access URL.

'kubectl get svc'

'kubectl port-forward service/nginx 8080:80

'

• Open browser and open application with the link below:

'http://localhost:8080'

1. Deploy to Kubernetes using YAML file

• Create a Kubernetes Deployment YAML file specifying the image and desired replicas.

'nano nginx-deployment.yaml'

• Copy and paste the code snippet below into the yaml file.

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: my-nginx-deployment
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: my-weather
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: my-weather
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: nginx-container
        image: nginx:latest   # Or your Docker Hub image (e.g. bruyo/my-nginx-app:latest)
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

• Apply the deployment to the cluster.

'kubectl apply -f nginx-deployment.yaml'

• Verify Deployment.

'kubectl get deployments'

1. Create a Service (ClusterIP)

• Create a Kubernetes service YAML file specifying the type as ClusterIP.

'nano nginx-service.yaml'

• Copy and paste the code snippet below into the yaml file.

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: my-nginx-service
spec:
  type: ClusterIP
  selector:
    app: my-weather   # MUST match Deployment labels
  ports:
    - protocol: TCP
      port: 80
      targetPort: 80

)

• Apply the service to the cluster.

'kubectl apply -f nginx-service.yaml'

• Verify Service.

'kubectl get svc'

1. Access the Application

• Port-forward to the service to access the application locally.

'kubectl port-forward service/my-nginx-service 8080:80'

• Open your browser and visit the specified port to view the application.

'http://localhost:8080'