febryandana

Posted on Apr 17, 2022

Dekatanah

#indonesia #iot #android #arduino

A microcontroller-based soil fertility detection system.

Abstract

Soil is the most used plant growth medium. However, due to various soil conditions, not all plants are also suitable for the particular soil to be used, so a tool or sensor is needed that can read and measure soil fertility. Simple soil fertility measurement can be measured from 2 elements of soil fertility attributes, namely the soil pH element and the soil moisture element. Most of the available soil fertility detection instruments or systems only use one of the soil fertility elements and the data on the detection results can't be stored for a long period, making the readings less effective. From these problems, we conducted research to build a soil fertility detection system that uses a soil pH sensor and a soil moisture sensor that is connected to the Arduino Nano microcontroller and can be run with an application on a smartphone. The results of this study are in the form of a soil fertility detection tool and system that can read soil pH and soil moisture content and an Android smartphone application that is connected to the device via the USB-OTG feature. With this application, a test location is obtained where the soil is tested and then stored in the TinyDB database in the application so that data will not be lost even if the tool is turned off.

Keywords: soil, fertility, pH sensor, moisture sensor, microcontroller, Android application

Hardware Specifications

1. Arduino Nano microcontroller

2. Soil pH meter sensor

3. Capacitive soil moisture sensor

4. LED lamp indicator

5. Active Buzzer

6. Voltage Regulator

7. Switch/Push button

8. Diode

9. Jumper cable

10. USB-OTG Adapter

11. Micro USB / Type C USB cable (depends on smartphone USB port)

12. Printed Circuit Board

13. Case

14. Smartphone with support for USB On-The-Go, GPS, and Location Sensor

System Design

System Block Diagram

Hardware Schematic

Hardware System Flowchart

Android App Main Program Flowchart

Android App Sub Program Flowchart

Serial communication

Clock

Location sensor

Show map marker

Save data

Delete data

Save data list

Prototype Implementation

Hardware prototype

PCB design

Final prototype

Prototype on use

Arduino Program

	/*
	Hasil Kalibrasi Sensor Moisture 5V
	Air = 698 ~ 719
	Lembab = 719 ~ 852
	Kering = 852 ~ 876
	Nilai sensor pH
	Asam = < 6
	Netral = 6 ~ 7
	Basa = > 7
	*/

	//Control panel alat dan pembacaan sensor
	#define data 100
	int toleransiMoist = 20;
	float toleransipH = 0.2;
	int delay_pembacaan = 20;

	//Output debug
	bool debugMode = false;
	float nilaiPHDebug = 5;
	int nilaiMoistDebug = 850;

	//Define PIN yang digunakan
	#define analogMoisture A2
	#define analogPH A0
	#define sw 2
	#define buzzer 4

	//Nilai default untuk alat
	int looping = 0;
	int nilaimoist[data] = {0};
	float nilaipH[data] = {0};
	bool started = false;
	float nilaiSensorpH = 0.0;

	//Machine state
	int state = 0;

	//Untuk debouncing switch interrupt
	unsigned long lastDebounceTime = 0;
	unsigned long debounceDelay = 2000;

	//Interrupt, dengan debouncing tombol
	void interrupt_routine() {
	if((millis() - lastDebounceTime) > debounceDelay && started) {
	lastDebounceTime = millis();
	state = 1;
	}
	}

	//Buzzer beep
	void check() {
	digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
	delay(50);
	digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
	}

	//Output serial ke smartphone
	void output(int inputMoistRef, float inputPHRef) {
	int inputMoist;
	float inputPH;
	if(debugMode) {
	inputMoist = nilaiMoistDebug;
	inputPH = nilaiPHDebug;
	} else {
	inputMoist = inputMoistRef;
	inputPH = inputPHRef;
	}

	//data bahasa
	String keadaanKelembaban[4] = {"ERROR_", "kering", "lembab", "basah"};
	String keadaanPH[4] = {"ERROR_", "netral", "terlalu asam", "terlalu basa"};

	//integer untuk output
	int outKelembaban = 0, outPH = 0;

	//Setting output kelembaban
	//Kering = 876 ~ 852
	if(inputMoist > 852) {
	outKelembaban = 1;
	}

	//Lembab = 852 ~ 719
	else if(inputMoist <= 852 && inputMoist > 719) {
	outKelembaban = 2;
	}

	//Basah = 719 ~ 698
	else if(inputMoist <= 719 && inputMoist > 698) {
	outKelembaban = 3;
	}

	//Setting output pH
	//Netral (6 ~ 7)
	if(inputPH >= 6 && inputPH <= 7) {
	outPH = 1;
	}

	//Terlalu asam (< 6)
	else if(inputPH >= 0 && inputPH < 6) {
	outPH = 2;
	}

	//Terlalu basa (> 7)
	else if(inputPH > 7 && inputPH <= 14) {
	outPH = 3;
	}

	//Output status tanah
	while(digitalRead(sw)) {
	Serial.print("Status tanah ");
	Serial.print(keadaanPH[outPH]);
	Serial.print(" pH ");
	Serial.print(inputPH);
	Serial.print(" dan ");
	Serial.print(keadaanKelembaban[outKelembaban]);
	if(outKelembaban == 0) {
	Serial.print(inputMoist);
	}
	Serial.println(".");
	delay(1000);
	}
	check();
	delay(500);
	}

	//State 1, mengukur
	void mengukur() {
	//User feedback
	digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
	delay(200);
	digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);

	//Mulai pengukuran
	//Sensor kelembaban
	while(looping != data) {
	if(analogRead(analogMoisture) - nilaimoist[0] > toleransiMoist \|\| nilaimoist[0] - analogRead(analogMoisture) > toleransiMoist) {
	looping = 0;
	nilaimoist[0] = analogRead(analogMoisture);
	} else {
	nilaimoist[looping] = analogRead(analogMoisture);
	looping++;
	}
	delay(delay_pembacaan);
	}
	looping = 0;

	//Sensor pH
	while(looping != data) {
	nilaiSensorpH = (-0.0693*analogRead(analogPH))+7.3855
	if(nilaiSensorpH - nilaipH[0] > toleransipH \|\| nilaipH[0] - nilaiSensorpH > toleransipH) {
	looping = 0;
	nilaipH[0] = nilaiSensorpH;
	} else {
	nilaipH[looping] = nilaiSensorpH;
	looping++;
	}
	delay(delay_pembacaan);
	}
	looping = 0;

	//User feedback
	digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
	delay(100);
	digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);
	delay(100);
	digitalWrite(buzzer, HIGH);
	delay(100);
	digitalWrite(buzzer, LOW);

	//Output serial
	output(nilaimoist[0], nilaipH[0]);

	//state 0
	state = 0;
	}

	void setup() {
	pinMode(sw, INPUT_PULLUP);
	pinMode(buzzer, OUTPUT);
	Serial.begin(9600);
	check();
	attachInterrupt(digitalPinToInterrupt(sw), interrupt_routine, FALLING);
	}

	void loop() {
	//sebagai syarat interrupt
	started = true;

	//state machine
	switch(state) {
	case 1:
	mengukur();
	break;
	default:
	break;
	}
	}

view raw dekatanah-arduino-code.ino hosted with ❤ by GitHub

Android Application Program

This Android application uses Kodular Blocks, read more: https://docs.kodular.io/

The full image of these blocks can be seen on: kodular-blocks/kodular-blocks.png.

Main program initialization

0pen serial connection

Read serial data

Get location

Address input

Show location map

Save data and list

Delete data

Android Application User Interface

End Notes

This is a simple college project for Praktik Kerja Lapangan which is supervised by a lecturer. There is still much room for improvement.

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