Statistics as the grammar of modern rationality

This article examines the role of statistics as a foundation for contemporary rational thinking, extending beyond simple mathematical operations. Central to the discussion is the PPDAC (Problem, Plan, Data, Analysis, Conclusion) cycle, which the author describes as a 'miniature constitution' for data-driven action. The text explores the philosophical tensions between the classical frequentist approach and subjective Bayesian epistemics, illuminating the limitations of traditional methods such as p-values and statistical errors. The reader will learn how modern techniques, including bootstrapping and credibility intervals, help manage epistemic uncertainty in the social sciences. This is a profound look at how statistical structures shape our understanding of reality and decision-making in a complex world.