Introduction
Kubernetes DNS schedules a DNS Pod and Service on the cluster, and configures the kubelets to tell individual containers to use the DNS Service’s IP to resolve DNS names.
What things get DNS names?
Every Service defined in the cluster (including the DNS server itself) is assigned a DNS name. By default, a client Pod’s DNS search list will include the Pod’s own namespace and the cluster’s default domain. This is best illustrated by example:
Assume a Service named foo in the Kubernetes namespace bar. A Pod running in namespace bar can look up this service by simply doing a DNS query for foo. A Pod running in namespace quux can look up this service by doing a DNS query for foo.bar.
To make these names resolvable you need a tool that watches the Kubernetes API so as to allow you to know your container IPs, and then answer your DNS requests with the correct IP. At present the most common tool to achieve this is Kube-DNS. I believe this is the first tool you should deploy in Kubernetes cluster.
This is what a basic Kubernetes Service for a HTTP server looks like:
kind: Service
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
name: http-server
spec:
selector:
app: http-server
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
targetPort: 80
Once this object is deployed in your cluster you should be able to contact the name http-server (from the same namespace), and Kube-DNS will answer with the correct ClusterIP to speak to your final pods. ClusterIPs are governed by IPTables rules created by kube-proxy on Workers that NAT your request to the final container’s IP.
The Kube-DNS naming convention is service.namespace.svc.cluster-domain.tld and the default cluster domain is cluster.local.
For example, if you want to contact a service called mysql in the db namespace from any namespace, you can simply speak to mysql.db.svc.cluster.local.
To practice what we have discussed we will see how to deploy a simple two service application, and how to connect them. In this case a Wordpress and a mysql application.
So let’s start by creating basic Kubernetes Service for a HTTP server
$ git clone https://github.com/ajinkyaingole30/kube-pod-connect-of-diff-namespace.git
$ cd kube-pod-connect-of-diff-namespace
$ kubectl create -f kube-dns.yml
To check service
$ kubectl get svc
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
http-server ClusterIP 10.102.105.197 <none> 80/TCP 11s
Now let's create namespace:
$ kubectl create ns mysql-example
$ kubectl create ns wordpress-example
Create mysql deployment resource
$ kubectl create -f mysql-deployment.yml
To allow any other container to speak to database pod we need to expose it to a service resource
$ kubectl create -f mysql-service.yml
Create Wordpress container and configure it to talk to Mysql pod
$ kubectl create -f wordpress-deployment.yml
Check if pods are runing or not
$ kubectl get pod -n mysql-example
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
mysql-58c8f46579-whxz6 1/1 Running 0 31s
$ kubectl get pod -n wordpress-example
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
wordpress-856b4c866f-4xfpz 1/1 ContainerCreating 0 20s
To reach the Wordpress website you need to expose the Wordpress service. In this instance a ClusterIP isn’t sufficient because you need to be able to contact it from the exterior of the cluster.
To Expose Wordpress service
$ kubectl create -f wordpress-nodeport.yml
$ kubectl get svc -n wordpress-example
NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE
wordpress NodePort 10.98.102.140 <none> 80:31343/TCP 30s
You can now see that Wordpress service is exposed on port 31499/TCP on workers. To configure our website let’s open browser and enter url
http://worker-IP:31343
Now you can finish the installation of your Wordpress application using the following details :
Database name : wordpress
User name : root
Password : redhat
Database host : mysql.mysql-example.svc.cluster.local
I hope that you have understood the significant role of Kube-DNS and Kubernetes Services.
Top comments (0)